Lecture Notes: Solutions, Solubility, and Hydrogen Bonding

Flashcards covering ion-dissolution, polarity, solubility, and the role of hydrogen bonding in water and oil cleanup.

Why does calcium chloride heat water when it dissolves in water?

The dissolution is exothermic, releasing heat and warming the surrounding water.

What molecular interaction gives water its high heat capacity and resistance to rapid temperature changes?

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Why can water dissolve salts?

Because salts are ionic and water is polar, allowing ion-dipole interactions that dissociate the salt into ions.

Are nonpolar substances like oils soluble in water?

No. They are nonpolar and water cannot dissolve them well.

How do soaps help in cleaning up oil spills?

Soaps act as surfactants that emulsify oil, lowering surface tension and enabling oil to be dispersed and rinsed away.

What term describes substances that readily interact with water due to polarity?

Hydrophilic (polar/ionic) substances.

What is a key consequence of hydrogen bonding for water’s temperature behavior?

Water has a high heat capacity due to hydrogen bonding, making it stable against temperature changes.