unit 1. thinking geographically.

AP HUMAN GEO

Foram (Uniform) Regions

Areas defined by a common characteristic or feature, such as climate, land use, or cultural identity.

Functional (Nodal) Regions

An area organized around a central point or focal area, linked by transportation, communication, or economic activities.

Perceptual (Vernacular) Regions

Areas defined by people's perceptions or feelings about a place, often shaped by cultural identity and personal experiences.

Example of Formal Regions

Such as states, countries, or climate zones.

Example of Functional Regions

Examples include metropolitan areas, trading zones, or areas served by a specific transportation network.

Example of Perceptual Regions

Areas like "the South" or "Midwest" defined by cultural identity and personal experiences.

What is a geographic scale?

The relationship between the size of an area on a map and it’s actual size on earth

What is scale of analysis?

The level at which geographers study something, such as local, regional, national, or global.

What is a thematic map?

A type of map that shows information or patterns, such as population density or climate, rather than showing general geographic features.

Why do all maps have distortion?

All maps have distortion because they represent three-dimensional surface on a two-dimensional surface, leading to inaccuracies in area, shape, distance, or direction.

What is a dot density map?

A type of thematic map that uses dots to represent the location or amount of something

What is a choropleth map?

A type of thematic map that uses shades or patterns to show data in different areas

What is a proportional symbol map>

A type of thematic map that uses symbols of varying sizes to represent the amount of something

What is an isoline map?

A type of thematic map that uses continuous lines to connect points of equal value, such as elevation or temperature.

What is a cartogram?

A map that changes the size of shape of areas to show data

What is an advantage of the Mercator projection?

A projection that keeps direction accurate greatly, making it useful for navigation

What is a disadvantage of the Mercator projection?

It distorts size and area, especially near the poles, leading to inaccuracies in representing landmass proportions.

What an advantage of the Peters projection?

A map projection that shows the relative size/area of continents more accurately.

What a disadvantage of the Peters projection?

It distorts shapes, making continents appear stretched or compressed, which can mislead viewers about their true forms.

What an advantage of the Robinson projection?

Gives a good overall view of the world with less extreme distortion of shapes and sizes of landmasses.

What a disadvantage of the Robinson projection?

Doesn’t preserve size, shape, distance, or direction perfectly

What an advantage of the Mollweide projection?

An oval shaped projection that shows the entire world and preserves area fairly well. Making it useful for comparing the size of continents

What a disadvantage of the Mollweide projection?

it distorts shapes and distances, especially near the edges

What is an advantage Goode Homolosine projection

A map projection that minimizes distortion for land area by using an interrupted design.

What is a disadvantage of the Goode Homolosine map projection?

This map is interrupted, which makes it harder to see distances and connections across oceans.

What is absolute location?

Absolute location refers to the precise coordinates of a place on the Earth's surface, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude.

What is relative location?

Relative location describes a place's position in relation to other locations, often using landmarks or distances.

What is environmental determinism?

Environmental determinism is a theory that suggests human behavior and societal development are shaped by physical environments, such as climate and geography.

What is human possibilism?

Human possibilism is a theory that the environment may limit what humans may do, but humans have the ability to adapt and adjust.

What is contagious diffusion?

Contagious diffusion is the spread of a phenomenon, such as an idea or disease, through close contact with a population, often resulting in a rapid and widespread adoption.

What is hierarchical diffusion?

The spread of an idea from important or influential people/places to others.

What is reverse hierarchical diffusion?

Reverse hierarchical diffusion is the process by which an idea or innovation spreads from smaller or less influential places to larger or more influential ones.

What is stimulus Diffusion?

When a specific trait from an idea is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted.

What is relocation diffusion?

Relocation diffusion is the process through which an idea or innovation spreads when people move from one location to another, bringing their ideas with them.

What is GIS?

GIS, or Geographic Information System, is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing geographic data.

What is GPS?

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a satellite-based navigation system that allows a receiver to determine its exact location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) anywhere on Earth.

What is remote sensing?

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about Earth’s surface without making physical contact.

What is time space compression?

Tech makes places seem closer by making communication and transportation faster

What is space?

The physical distance/area between places

What is sustainability?

Using Earth’s resources in a way that ensures availability in the future.

What map type is this?

Dot density map.

What map type is this?

Choropleth map

What map type is this?

proportional symbol map

What map type is this?

Catrogram map

What map type is this?

Isoline map

What map projection is this?

Mercator

What map projection is this?

Peters

What map projection is this?

Robinson

What map projection is this?

Mollweide

What map projection is this?

Goode Homolosine