Respiratory System Review

alveoli

alveoli

Layer of epithelial cells that are the main surface area of gas exchange

asthma

Condition where airways narrow and swell that leads to production of extra mucus. Makes breathing difficult.

atelectasis

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli. Caused by obstruction of distal airways and accumulation of fluids in pleural cavity

auscultition

Listening to sounds within the body

bronchi

large tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs

bronchiectasis

Chronic dilation of bronchus, loss of elasticity and secretions do not drain. No cure

chronic bronchitis

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long period of time, type of COPD

cilia

hair-like projections that move microbes and debris up and out airways

croup

Acute viral infection; obstrucion of the larynx; barking cough and stridor

cystic fibrosis

Inherited disorder with thick mucus secretions in the respiratory tract, mucus does not drain

diphtheria

Acute infection where thick substance lines back of throat, caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

emphysema

Hyperinflation of air sacs, destruction of alveolar walls, form of COPD

epiglottis

Flap that closes over trachea during deglutition to prevent particles from entering respiratory tract

epistaxis

Nosebleed, Trauma, Vitamin K deficiency, clotting abnormalities, blood thinners and hypertension

hilum

area where the lung meets the bronchi

larynx

First & upper portion of the trachea, contains vocal cords

mediastinum

Area in the chest that holds the heart, lungs, and other important structures.

paranasal sinuses

air-filled extension of the nasal cavity, there are four

parietal pleura

outer layer of the pleura

percussion

Tapping on the surface to determine difference in the density of underlying tissue

pertusis

Highly contagious, infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. uncontrollable coughing caused by Bordetella pertussis

pleural rub

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing agains each other

rales

crackling sounds during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli

rhonchi

loud rumbling sounds, bronchi obsrutced by sputum

sputum

material expelled by the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

stridor

strained high pitch sound, caused by obstruction in pharynx or larynx

wheezes

continuous high pitched whistling sound

-osmia

suffix for “smell”

-pnea

suffix for “breathing”

-ptysis

suffix for “spitting”

adenoid/o

combining form for “adenoids”

alveol/o

combining form for “alveoli”

brady-

prefix for “slow”

bronch/o

combining form for “bronchial tube”

bronchiol/o

combining form for “bronchiole, small bronchus”

coni/o

combining form for “dust”

cyan/o

combining form for "blue”

laryng/o

combining form for “larynx(voice box)”

nas/o

combining form for “nose”

or/o

combining form for “mouth”

orth/o

combining form for “straight, upright”

ox/o

combining form for “oxygen”

para-

prefix for “next to”

pector/o

combining form for “chest”

pharyng/o

combining form for “pharynx(throat)”

phon/o

combining form for “voice”

phren/o

combining form for “diaphragm”

pulmon/o

combining form for “lungs”

py/o

combining form for “pus”

tel/o

combining form for “complete”

tonsill/o

combining form for “tonsils”

trache/o

combining form for “trachea(wind pipe)”