weathering

Weathering

The process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller particles by physical or chemical means.

Mechanical Weathering

The physical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.

Chemical Weathering

The breakdown of rocks and minerals through chemical reactions, resulting in new minerals and solubles.

Frost Wedging

A type of mechanical weathering that involves the freeze-thaw cycles of water in rock cracks.

Granite Weathering Reaction

Chemical reaction involving granite transforming to clay, releasing potassium and silica.

Soil

A natural resource composed of regolith, water, air, and organic matter that supports plant life.

Soil Profile

The vertical section of soil layers, each with different characteristics, including O, A, E, B, and C horizons.

Pedalfers

Soil types found in moderate rainfall areas, rich in aluminum and iron oxides.

Mass Wasting

Gravity-driven movement of soil and rock down slopes, influenced by factors like water and vegetation.

Angle of Repose

The maximum angle at which loose material can remain stable, typically around 33° for sand.

Lahar

A volcanic debris flow that combines water with volcanic materials, often resulting in destructive flows.

Creep

A very slow, gradual movement of soil down a slope.

B Horizon

The subsoil layer of a soil profile where clay and minerals accumulate.

Soil Erosion

The removal of the top layer of soil by wind, water, or human activity.

Regolith

The layer of loose, fragmented material covering bedrock, produced by weathering.