Reading and Writing Skills (Midterms)

Skimming

Fast reading, reading to get the main idea. (Understanding the Information)

Scanning

Locates a single fact or a specific bit of information. (Finding Certain Information)

Making Inferences

Making an educated guess or conclusion based on the information.

Annotating

Highlighting the important information/taking note.

Brainstorming

Ability to generate creative ideas through collaboration.

Graphic Organizers

Structure information presenting information.

Venn Diagram

Used to compare and contrast.

Networking Tree

Shows an organized idea in a hierarchical structure.

Spider Map

Used to enumerate.

Timeline

Used to show how events occurrent chronologically.

Outline

Relational hierarchy of ideas.

Paraphrasing

Help to understand and write ideas by your own words, a way to avoid copying right of the internet.

Summarizing

Reduced to their bare essentials.

Thesis Statement

This expresses the main idea or main point. It serves as a mad map of the text.

TOPIC

Subject of the Argument.

CLAIM

Opinions

SUPPORTING POINTS

Backup/Supporting details.

Topic Sentence

States the main topic of the paragraph and the controlling idea.

Supporting Sentences

Develop the topic sentence, a combination of different supports is the most common and effective way to strengthen the paragraph.

Concluding Sentence

Signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember but is often unnecessary.

ORGANIZATION

Achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged with focus on the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a definite order in a paragraph, essay, or speech.

COHERENCE

Refers to the overall sense of unity in a passage, including both the main point of sentences and the main point of each paragraph.

COHESION

Refers to the connection of your ideas both at the sentence level and at the paragraph level.

UNITY

Achieved when a composition is focused on one idea. All supporting ideas are relevant to the main thought.

LANGUAGE USE

It enables writers to effectively communicate ideas without confusing the reader.

MECHANICS

Focuses on the technicalities of the structure. It determines errors on subject-verb agreement, prepositions, tenses, the grammar, spelling, capitalization, abbreviations and acronyms, the use of numbers as part of the statement, and the punctuation marks.

Proofreading

Trying to find a mistake and correct it with focus on the mechanics such as punctuation, capitalization, grammar, and run-on sentences.

Description

The pattern of development which goes into details about a specific object, person, or location, in order to firmly set its appearance.

OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION

Looks into factual and scientific characteristics of what is being described as objectively as possible.

SUBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION

A sort of description that the author would normally use to "paint a picture" of how he sees a character, or how he wants the reader to see a character.

Narration

Tells a story by presenting, in descriptive detail, events in an orderly, logical sequence.

Exemplification

The main idea is explained by giving an extended examples or a series of details examples.

Cause and Effect

The writer can explain how an event or action leads to another.

CAUSE TO EFFECT

Single Cause with different Effects.

EFFECT TO CAUSE

Single Effect with different Causes.

CONSECUTIVE CAUSE AND EFFECT

Each Cause has its own corresponding Effect.

Comparison and/or Contrast

Organizes ideas based on how events, places, people, things and concepts are similar to or different from one another.

Definition

Explains not just what something means or is, but also what something does, what something is used for, what something looks like, etc.

SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION

Defines concepts in the most factual way, which is often used in scientific, proper, or real-world facts.

SUBJECTIVE DEFINITION

Usually derived from the author's own experiences and opinion.

Classification

Refers to sorting or arranging subjects into groups or categories according to their common or shared characteristic.

Problem-Solution

It needs a solution, a way to deal with the situation so that the troubles or difficulties are removed.

Persuasion

Convinces readers to agree an argument or claim about a particular topic.