GE 13 - EDA Chapter 4 and 5
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Subject Title: Readings in Philippine History | BSEE 2, 1st Sem
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182 Terms
What city was besieged by the Ottoman Turks in 1453?
Constantinople
What empire had little power to defend Constantinople in 1453?
Byzantine Empire
Who were the Catholic Monarchs of Europe in 1469?
Ferdinand and Isabella
When did Ferdinand and Isabella unite?
1469
Who issued the papal bull Inter Caetera?
Pope Alexander VI
When was Inter Caetera issued?
May 4, 1493
What was the papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI called?
Inter Caetera
Which two countries were authorized to colonize the Americas?
Spain and Portugal
Who completed four round-trip voyages between Spain and the Americas?
Christopher Columbus
When did Columbus make his four voyages?
1492–1504
Who sponsored Columbus's voyages?
Crown of Castile
Who opened the sea route from Western Europe to the East via the Cape of Good Hope?
Vasco da Gama
What were Vasco da Gama's India voyages?
1497–99, 1502–03, 1524
Who captured Malacca in 1511?
Afonso de Albuquerque
When was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?
1494
When was the Treaty of Zaragoza signed?
1529
What period saw European exploration and expansion?
15th–16th centuries
What economic motive drove European exploration?
Oriental trade
What luxury goods motivated the search for Oriental trade?
Silk and spices
What progress helped exploratory expeditions succeed?
Navigational technology
What religious mission motivated exploration?
Spreading Christianity
Who wrote the excerpts from the First Voyage Around the World?
Antonio Pigafetta
What was Antonio Pigafetta's role?
Chronicler
Who was the Portuguese sailor who sailed west to reach the East?
Ferdinand Magellan
When did Magellan begin his expedition?
1519
What did Magellan try to fulfill?
Columbus' promise
How many ships were in the Magellan expedition?
Five
About how many men joined the Magellan expedition?
250
What were the five ships of the Magellan expedition?
Trinidad, San Antonio, Conception, Victoria, Santiago
Where did the Magellan expedition start?
San Lucar, Spain
What island did the expedition sight on March 16, 1521?
Samar
What name did they give the newly discovered territory?
Archipelago de San Lazaro
When did Magellan reach Homonhon?
March 17, 1521
What place was reached on March 31, 1521?
Mazaua or Limasawa
When was the first recorded Mass in the Philippines?
March 31, 1521
Who was the Rajah of Limasawa at the first recorded Mass?
Rajah Colambu
Who was the Rajah of Butuan at the first recorded Mass?
Rajah Siagu
When did Magellan reach the Port of Cebu?
April 8, 1521
Who was the Rajah of Cebu mentioned in the expedition?
Rajah Humanon
What ceremony introduced Christianity at Cebu?
Blood compact
When was a cross erected and over 800 natives baptized?
April 15, 1521
Who was the Mactan chieftain who rejected Spanish sovereignty?
Lapu-Lapu
Who was Lapu-Lapu's rival aided by Magellan?
Zulua
When was the Battle of Mactan?
April 27, 1521
Who was killed in the Battle of Mactan?
Ferdinand Magellan
Who commanded the Victoria on the return voyage?
Sebastian del Cano
How many survivors reached Seville in 1522?
18
What did the expedition complete in 1522?
First continuous circumnavigation
Who gave the islands the name Las Phelipinas?
Ruy Villalobos
Who was honored by the name Las Phelipinas?
Philip II
Who ordered the colonization of the Philippines?
King Philip II
Why did Philip II order colonization?
Empire, wealth, Christianity
Who was the first Governor-General of the Philippines?
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
Who helped Legazpi lead the colonization?
Fray Andres de Urdaneta
Where was Legazpi's expedition organized?
Mexico
When did Legazpi leave Navidad?
November 20, 1564
What was Mexico called as a Spanish viceroyalty?
New Spain
When did Legazpi's expedition reach Samar?
February 14, 1565
With whom did Legazpi make a blood compact in Bohol?
Chief Sikatuna
When did Legazpi make the blood compact with Sikatuna?
March 16, 1565
Who was the Cebu leader during Legazpi's conquest?
Rajah Tupas
When was the Cebu settlement established?
April 27, 1565
What was the wooden image found in Cebu called?
Nombre de Jesus
Who found the Nombre de Jesus image?
Juan Camus
What church did Legazpi order constructed?
Basilica Minore del Santo Niño
Who found Maynilad at the mouth of the Pasig River?
Martin de Goiti
Who led the natives of Maynilad?
Raja Soliman
When did Legazpi make Maynilad the colonial capital?
1571
What city became the center of Spanish colonial power in 1571?
Manila
What were the three main Spanish aims in the Philippines?
Trade, Catholicism, territory
How was native subjugation carried out?
Alliances, military intrusion, persuasion
What were the three Filipino responses to Spanish rule?
Early revolts, reforms, revolution
What were the Three G's of Spanish colonization?
God, Gold, Glory
What did God represent in the Three G's?
Catholic Christianity
What did Gold represent in the Three G's?
Economic wealth
What did Glory represent in the Three G's?
Greatest empire
What was the centralized colonial nation called?
Filipinas
What were the four social classes shown?
Peninsulares/Insulares, Ilustrados, Mestizos, Indio/Sangley
Who ranked at the top of the social-class pyramid?
Peninsulares/Insulares
Who ranked below Peninsulares/Insulares?
Ilustrados
Who ranked below Ilustrados?
Chinese/Spanish Mestizos
Who were at the bottom of the social-class pyramid?
Indio/Sangley
Who ruled the Philippines before 1821 through Mexico?
King of Spain
What position represented the king through Mexico before 1821?
Viceroy of Mexico
What position ruled the Philippines after Mexico's independence?
Governor-General
What two levels made up the colonial government?
National and local
What were the national government's main functions?
Order, taxes, public works
Who was the King's representative in the Philippines?
Governor-General
Who was the first Spanish Governor-General?
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
What years did Legazpi serve as Governor-General?
1565–1572
Who was the last Spanish Governor-General?
Diego de los Rios
How many Spanish Governor-Generals were there?
115
What body investigated a Governor-General about to be replaced?
Residencia
What was the highest court during Spanish times?
Royal Audiencia
What were the two provincial local government units?
Alcaldia and Corregimiento
Who led an Alcaldia?
Alcalde Mayor
What was the Alcalde Mayor's main provincial role?
Provincial administration
Who headed a Corregimiento?
Corregidor
What provinces were governed by Corregidores?
Unpacified provinces
What was the city government called?
Ayuntamiento