Drugs Used in Heart Failure

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23 Terms

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Failure to pump blood at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demands of the body

Heart Failure

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Most common etiologies of Heart Failure

Coronary artery disease, Heart attack, Hypertension

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Progression from hypertension to heart failure

Normal —> hypertrophic (chambers too small, muscle too big) —> dilated (myocyte death)

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Impaired ventricular activity, increased afterload.

Left Sided heart failure

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Mainly caused by Left sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism

Right sided heart failure

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Major symptom of Left side heart failure

Shortness of breath

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Sign of Right sided heart failure

Peripheral edema

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Drugs for heart failure aim to block what?

Compensatory mechanisms (SNS, RAAS, Anti-diuretic hormone)

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ACE inhibitors MOA

Inhibit Angiotensin converting enzyme

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Spironolactone Drug type and MOA

Aldosterone antagonist, K+ sparing diuretic

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Diuretic that works at the loop of Henle

Furosemide (Lasix)

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Nitrates decrease what?

Pre-load

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Hydralazine decreases what?

Afterload

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Beta blockers result in what?

Decreased HR, Contractility = decreased oxygen and metabolic demand

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Rarely prescribed anymore

Digoxin

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Digoxin MOA

Inhibits Na/K ATPase pump

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Why is Digoxin not preferred?

Low therapeutic index

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Vasopressin (ADH) antagonist

Tolvaptan

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Drug Acronym for Acute Pulmonary Edema treatment

LMNOP (Lasix, Morphine, Nitrates, Oxygen, Position)

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What do ACE/ ARBS do to help heart failure?

Vasodilation = decrease pressure

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What do diuretics do to help heart failure?

Decrease fluid = decrease swelling and pressure

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What do beta blockers do to help heart failure?

Slow HR = decreased oxygen demand

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What does Spironolactone do to help heart failure?

Reduce fluid retention by limiting aldosterone