Lecture 1 - Introduction to Interior Construction

Interior Construction

Refers to the process of building and designing the internal structures and systems within a building or a shell.

ceiling, wall, floor

The shell or the main interior components

openings (doors and windows)
utilities
millworks/built-in items
stairs

Aside from the main interior components, these also include:

Fit-out

The process of making an interior space ready for occupation. As a common practice, when constructing commercial buildings, the spaces inside are left bare for the occupants to determine the level of refurbishment needed (or fitting out).

electrical, plumbing, drywall installation, cabinetry

Fit-out can include everything from _______ and _______ systems to _______ and ______.

functional, comfortable

The goal of interior construction is to create ________ and ________ spaces that meet the needs of the building's occupants while also adhering to safety and building codes. It requires a combination of technical skill, creativity, and attention to detail, as well as a thorough understanding of construction materials and methods.

safety, building codes

The goal of interior construction is to create functional and comfortable spaces that meet the needs of the building's occupants while also adhering to ________ and ________. It requires a combination of technical skill, creativity, and attention to detail, as well as a thorough understanding of construction materials and methods.

technical skill, creativity, attention to detail, construction materials and methods

The goal of interior construction is to create functional and comfortable spaces that meet the needs of the building's occupants while also adhering to safety and building codes. It requires a combination of ________, ________ and ________, as well as a thorough understanding of ________ and ________ .

Materials and methodology

Duo in interior construction

finishes/specification

Mastery of material _________/_________can be perfected if Interior Designers are also knowledgeable of how these are installed in various applications.

Methodologies

________ are also dependent on the nature of materials and design intent, in respect with statutory codes and compliance to safety.

Renovation

According to the National Building Code, _________ is any physical change made on buildings/structure to increase the value, quality, and/or improve the aesthetic.

Remodelling

________ is updating the space without changing its previous function. It can also mean changing the purpose of a room, such as making a bedroom into an office or a den into a movie room.

Refurbishment

The process of improvement by cleaning, decorating, and re-equipping. It may also include elements of retrofitting with the aim of making a building more energy efficient and sustainable.

Office, Residential

According to Santos-Knight Frank, the demand for _______ and _______ spaces remains robust.

logistics, hospitality, retail, REITs

According to Santos-Knight Frank, the demand for Office and Residential spaces remains robust. They predict that the next wave of expansion will come from sectors such as _______, _______, _______ and _______.

Ceiling

The upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment. These are often used to hide floor and roof construction.

Providing protection from the elements
Insulation for heating and cooling
Source of artificial lighting
Acoustical barrier
Flame-resistant barrier
Important element of the character and atmosphere of a room

Functions of ceiling

Cathedral Ceiling
Shed Ceiling
Dropped Ceiling
Tray Ceiling
Vault
Dome

Ceiling Types

Cathedral Ceiling

Ceiling Type

Shed Ceiling

Ceiling Type

Dropped Ceiling

Ceiling Type

Tray ceiling

Ceiling Type

Vault

Ceiling Type

Dome

Ceiling Type

Wall

-separates the inside of a building or structure into different rooms or spaces

-defines areas within a larger space and provide privacy and security to occupants

-can be decorative or load bearing

-supports thermal comfort and installation of utlities

-acoustic and flame barriers

Drywall type, wet or plaster wall type

2 Major classification of wall according to materials:

A. _______ -wood, metal, gypsum, glass, plastic, indigenous material, rubber or paper

B. _______ - concerete, stone, marble, clay

decorative or load bearing

A wall can be ______ or _______ bearing

Drywall

Classification of wall made from wood, metal, gypsum, glass, plastic, indigenous material,rubber or paper

Wet wall/plaster wall

Classification of wall made from concrete, stone, marble, clay

Partition wall

General term for an internal wall to separate or divide an interior space of a room.

Demising Wall

A partition wall that defines tenancy areas or to a common area

Party Wall

shared wall by two estate or property

Load bearing wall

A type of wall that can carry a particular load or capacity above it

Shear or Core Wall

Reinforced or structural wall designed to resist lateral loads. Also used to compartmentalize a utility or an area from fire hazards

Cladding

The application of one material over another to provide a skin or layer of a wall.

Wall Embedment

Act of placing important utility or auxiliary provisions inside the wall

Stiffeners

_______ are used if height and width of block wall exceeds 3.5- 4m.

3.5-4m

Stiffeners are used if height and width of block wall exceeds _________.

Reinforced concrete stiffener columns

_____________, measuring 200mm x 200mm, reinforced with four 12mm diameter bars and 8mm stirrups spaced at 200mm center-to-center, should be incorporated in the block work with a spacing not exceeding 5.0m. These stiffener columns must be placed at the corners and ends of the block work.

Reinforced concrete stiffener columns, measuring 200mm x 200mm, reinforced with four 12mm diameter bars and 8mm stirrups spaced at 200mm center-to-center, should be incorporated in the block work with a spacing not exceeding 5.0m. These stiffener columns must be placed at the corners and ends of the block work.

Floor

-Lower horizontal surface of any space in a building, including finishes that are laid as part of the permanent construction.

-Rigid building assembly that divides space horizontally into storeys.

-Define spaces

To carry load, venue for interior use
Vertical space efficiency
Compartmentalize space for fire safety & acoustics
Embedment

Functions of Floor

Substrate

The actual floor construction and different from the floor finish.

Reinforced concrete or Masonry type

Wooden construction type

Metal construction type

A substrate can be: _______ or _____, __________, ___________

Millwork

-wood work intended for interior construction, as well as decorative materials

-include built-in items such as cabinetry, shelving, wardrobe and closets

-wooden doors and casements-banquet seating, fixed furniture pieces

-molding, trim, flooring, wall paneling and crown molding.

Staircase

Series set of steps used for climbing one floor to another of a building. Staircase is suitable for walking up a small vertical distance

Concrete
wooden
metal

Staircase materials

return stair

straight run

L-stair

Winding

Spiral

Staircase Designs

Return stair

Staircase design

Straight run

Staircase design

L-stair

Staircase design

Winding

Staircase design

Spiral

Staircase design

Riser

Part of a staircase

Tread

Part of a staircase

Stringer

Part of a staircase

Nosing

Part of a staircase

Handrail

Part of a staircase

handrail
riser
tread
wall string
curtail
newel
return nosing
open string
newel drop
facia
landing

List the parts of the staircase according to the numbers

door head
head plate
stud
door casing
end stud
plasterboard
nogging
sole plate
joist

List the parts of a partition wall according to the numbers