MSTE Terms

Concrete

A construction material produced by combining Portland cement with aggregate and water

Normal-weight concrete

Usually weighs from 140 to 160 lb/cu.ft.

Lightweight insulating concrete

May weigh from 15 to 90 lb/cu.ft. and have a 28-day compressive strength of 100 to 1000 psi

Mass concrete

Concrete used for structures such as dams in which the weight of the concrete provides most of the strength of structure

Heavyweight concrete

Made with heavy aggregates such as barite, magnetite, and steel punchings; used primarily for nuclear radiation shielding

Refractory concrete

It is a concrete that has been cast into the desired shape prior to placement in a structure

Leveling

Refers to bringing a concrete surface to true grade with enough mortar to produce the desired finish

Edging

Refers to rounding off the formed edge of a slab to prevent chipping or damage

Screeding

Refers to moving a straight edge back and fourth with a sawlike motion on the surface of newly-paced concrete

Jointing

Premolded inserts are placed in concrete slabs to control cracking in the concrete as a result of shrinkage

Bleeding

The tendency of dry materials in concrete to settle to the bottom and displace the mixing water to the surface

Troweling

Done on slabs that are left exposed or to receive thin finished such as resilient flooring, carpet, tile or paint

Scaling

The breaking away of hardened concrete surface of a slab to a depth of about 1/6 to 3/16 of an inch. Usually occurs in the early age of the slab

Harbor

A protected water area to provide safe and suitable accommodation for ships for the transfer of cargo, refueling, repairs, etc.

Natural harbors

Harbors protected from storms and waves by the natural configuration of the land

Artificial harbors

Harbors protected by breakwaters or harbors created by dredging

Port

A sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It includes the harbor with its approach channels and anchorage places.

Fairway

A navigable channel in harbor, offshore, etc., the usual course taken by vessels in such places

Wharf

A continuous structure built parallel to along the margin of the sea or alongside riverbanks, canals, or waterways where vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo, embark or disembark passengers or lie at rest

Pier

Any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline and includes any stage, stair landing place, landing stage jetty, floating barge, and pontoon, any bridge or other works connected there with

Jetty

A landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored

Dolphin

A berth structure for mooring the ship on the open sea, an isolated piled or gravity structure used either to maneuver a ship or facilitate holding it in position at its berth

Significant wave

The hypothetical wave whose height and period are the mean height and period of a wave group

Highest wave

It is the highest wave in the wave group

Mean wave

A wave whose height and period are equal to the mean height and period of all the waves in the wave group

Deepwater waves

It is the wave at a place where water depth is at least one-half of the wavelength; the wave parameters are expressed with those of the significant wave at this place

Mean sea level

Average of sea water level for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period

Mean low water

It is the height of the low water over a 19-year period

Mean lower low water

It is the average height of the lower low waters over a 19-year period

Storm surge

The abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by. This rise above normal level on this open coast is due to atmosphere pressure reduction as well as due to wind stress

Tsunamis

Waves with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large-scale sea floor movement usually associated with severe, shallow focus earthquakes

Seiche

Phenomenon involving abnormal oscillations of the water level with a period of approximately a few minutes to a few tens of minutes

Seal coat

a very thin surface treatment of bituminous material which is applied as a final step in the construction of certain bituminous wearing surfaces of roads

Tack coat

a single initial application of bituminous material onto existing bituminous, Portland cement concrete, or block surface

Prime coat

it is the single application of liquid bituminous material onto a previously prepared and untreated road base, such as earth, gravel, stabilized soil, or water-bound macadam base courses

Perception time

tiem required for the driver to realize that brakes must be applied

Intellection time

time required to understand the situation which is also the time required for comparing difference thoughts, regrouping, and registering new sensations

Emotion time

time elapsed during emotional sensation and disturbance such as fear, anger, or any other emotional feelings such as superstitions with reference to the situation

Volition time

time taken for the final action

Traffic sign

device mounted on a fixed support or portable support whereby a specific message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic

Regulatory sign

signs that inform road users of traffic laws and regulations

Warning signs

warns users of road condition on or adjacent to the road

Guide signs

inform and advice road users on directions, distances, and points of interest.

Roadwork signs

warn users of temporary hazardous conditions that could endanger road users or the men and equipment engaged in roadwork

Overhead signs

signs which provide means of displaying essential traffic information on wide multi-lane roads, where some degree of lane use control is required or where side-of-road clearance is insufficient to accommodate a road side sign

Plate line capacity

the bucket volume contained within the bucket when following the outline of the bucket sides

Struck capacity

bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush within the bucket sides

Water line capacity

assumes a level of material flush with the lowest edge of the bucket

Heaped volume

maximum volume that can be placed in the bucket without spillage based on a specific angle of repose

Grade resistance

represents the component of vehicle weight which acts parallel to the inclined surface

Rolling resistance

primarily due to tire flexing and penetration of the travel surface

Total resistance

the combination of grade resistence and rolling resistance

Aggregate

used in concrete to reduce the cost of the mix and reduce shrinkage

Water

required in the concrete mix to provide the moisture required for hydration of cement to take place

Hydration

chemical reaction between cement and water which produces hardened cement

Water-reducing agent

increases the slump or workability of a concrete mix, allowing the amount of water in concrete to be changed without a change in consistency

Retarder

slows the rate of hardening of concrete

Accelerator

decreases setting time and increase the early strength of concrete

Pozzolan

used to reduce the heat of hydration, increase workability, and reduce segregation of mix

Plasticizers

used to increase workability of mix

Batching

process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates, and additives prior to mixing concrete

Admixture

material other than cement, aggregates, and water that are added to concrete either immediately before or during its mixing to alter the properties of concrete in a variety of ways