AP World Unit 1 (The Global Tapestry) 1200-1450

Flashcards for World History Exam Review1

Song China

Leading power in ancient world that experienced a continuity of dynasties from CE 960.

Tang Dynasty (618-907)

Dynasty that weakened and led to China splitting into regions before the Song Dynasty.

Meritocracy

The practice of selecting officials based on merit rather than hereditary or aristocratic privilege that the Song Dynasty used.

Filial Piety

This idea emphasizes respect towards parents, elders, and ancestors and was emphasized by the Song Dynasty.

Foot Binding

A painful technique for upper-class women that showed they didn’t have to work on their feet; became a status symbol.

Flying Cash

Term for paper money used during the Song Dynasty that was overprinted, leading to inflation.

The Grand Canal

Connected the north and south of China from the Sui to the Yuan Dynasty.

Junk Ships

Ships with lots of cargo and square sails used in the Song Dynasty.

Buddhism

Religion that spread to China from India and developed new forms through trade routes.

Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE)

Became leading power after Umayyad’s fall and coincided with the Golden Age of Islam

House of Wisdom

A center of learning in Baghdad that expanded upon advancements of other cultures and preserved ancient Greek texts.

Jizya

A tax on non-Muslims that incentivized conversion to Islam.

Lateen Sails

Triangular sails that could be used to tack into winds and increased trade in the Abbasid Caliphate.

Seljuk Turks

Nomadic Sunni group that posed an external threat to the Abbasid Caliphate.

Mongols

Took over Baghdad in 1258, marking the end of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517)

Egyptian state that prospered by trading sugar and cotton.

Sufi Missionaries

Missionaries who used mystic rituals and adjusted to local cultures to appeal to people.

Ottoman Empire (1299-1918)

Empire that reunified Dar al-Islam in 1299.

Al-Andalus (711-1492)

Islamic empire in Spain/Iberian peninsula known as a center of learning where religions tolerated each other.

Ibn Rushd

Scholar of Al-Andalus, also known as Averroes.

Harem

Dwelling for wives (polygamy) that increased oppression on women in Islamic communities.

Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)

Empire that covered Northern India and had Muslim rulers.

Ghaznavid Empire (977-1186)

Empire that launched expeditions from the Afghan heartland.

Persian

Turkish Delhi Sultanate administrative language cementing varna system

Hinduism

The religion that experienced a Bhakti Movement which emphasized the emotional side and devotion to one god.

Bhakti movement

Movement that emphasized emotional side and devotion to one god within hinduism

Majapahit Empire (1293-1527)

Sea based empire on island of Java; Buddhists.

Khmer Empire (802-1431)

Land based empire in modern day Cambodia and originally Hindu before converting later to Buddhism.

Meleka

Trading entrepôt close to Malaysia in Southeast Asia with high diversity.

Mayan Empire (250-1697)

Empire in Central America that relied on maize and was governed by city-states.

Aztec Empire (1300-1521)

Empire also known as Mexicas with its capital in Tenochtitlan (modern day Mexico City).

Chinampas

Floating gardens used by the Aztec Empire

Inca Empire (1438-1533)

Empire in South America in the Andes Mountains in Peru.

Mita System

Mandatory public service system in the Inca Empire.

Quipu

Numeric record keeping with strings used by the Inca Empire.

Carpa Nan

25k mile roadway system.

Mississippian culture (700-1350)

Culture known for earthen mounds, with Cahokia being the largest mound.

Hausa Kingdom (c.1300-c.1800)

Kingdom known for organizing themselves into kin-based networks.

Mali (1235-1600)

Kingdom whose founder was Sundiata, a Muslim who took power from a disintegrating Ghana.

Griots

Oral storytellers who preserved and shared the Epic of Sundiata.

Mansa Musa

Nephew of Sundiata who flaunted wealth throughout journey showing wealth of Mali and devalued gold through his travels from extravagant spending.

Songhai (1375-1591)

Took power from Mali as it began to disintegrate in the late 14th century.

Great Zimbabwe (c.1000-c.1400)

Centralized govt. under a king, spoke bantu and known for great walls.

Swahili

Bantu and Arabic blend of language that acted as Lingua franca of African continent

Ethiopia/Abyssinia (1270-1974)

Had a fusion of faith with traditional animism and cultural beliefs with Christianity.

Feudalism

System of mutual obligations that exist between classes with king, vassals, knights, and serfs

Feudalism

Period known as Dark Ages because standard of living and intellectual life declined.

Three-field system

System of rotation between seasons for maximum production.

Magna Carta 1215

Power shifted back to nobles and gave rights such as right to a jury trial, right of all free citizens to own and inherit property.

English Parliament 1265

Body that represented the interests of the noble class.

Crusades (1096-1291)

Religious wars advocated for by the Pope and christendom to take up arms to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslims.

Bourgeoisie

Shopkeepers, merchants, small landowners

Renaissance (c.1300-c.1600)

Rebirth of ancient greek and roman culture, art, and literature.

France

Joan of Arc fueled ____ national identity and unified the country.

Spain

Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand unified ____ and transformed it to a major european power.

Spanish Inquisition (1478-1834)

Judicial institution claiming to combat heresy in spain that killed religious minorities

Ivan III

Expanded Muscovy territory into modern-day Russia and established himself as czar.

Ivan the Terrible

Centralized powers and created a secret police