chapter is matter around us class 9

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4 Terms

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What is Matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass. It is made up of particles.

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How is Matter classified chemically?

  1. Pure Substances
    • Elements: Cannot be broken down into simpler substances (e.g., Oxygen, Iron).
    • Compounds: Formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed proportion (e.g., Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)).
  2. Mixtures
    • Homogeneous Mixtures: Have a uniform composition throughout (e.g., Salt solution, Air).
    • Heterogeneous Mixtures: Have a non-uniform composition; components are visibly separate (e.g., Sand and Water, Oil and Water).
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What are the three common states of matter?

  1. Solid: Definite shape and volume, strong intermolecular forces, particles are closely packed and vibrate about fixed positions.
  2. Liquid: Definite volume but no definite shape, weaker intermolecular forces than solids, particles can move freely but are still close.
  3. Gas: Neither definite shape nor volume, very weak intermolecular forces, particles are far apart and move randomly and rapidly.
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What is a Solution?

It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Its components are indistinguishable, and the particles are very small (< 1 nm in diameter).