Lecture 1

The basics

Anatomy

Study of body structures

What does structure mean in relation to anatomy?

Shape, size, color, location

Gross anatomy

-Surface

-Regional

Microscopic Anatomy

-Smaller scale structures

-See info through a microscope

Physiology

-Study of body functions

-Cell, Systemic, Pathology

What does functions mean in the terms of physiology?

What the body does in the terms of actions in the body

Why are anatomy and physiology closely related?

The structure is directly related to its function

EX: Bicycle wheel; The shape/ location (structure) is related to how it rolls (function)

Using the heart, describe how its structure is closely related to its function

-Function of the heart= pumps blood in the body through blood vessels

-Structure of the heart= heart is a muscle, the muscle tissue around the heart is dependent to its ability to pump blood

Muscular wall, hollow chamber, direct connection to blood vessels= how the hearts structure is related to its functions.

Levels of organization

Atom—>Molecule—>Macromolecule—>Cells—>Tissue—>Organs—>Organ system—>Organism

Homeostasis- Stable, internal state

Regulatory process that counteracts changes to maintain a constant state

-Includes a set point, receptor/sensor, control center, and effectors

Internal environment

Fluid that surrounds your cells (Interstitial fluid)

What does a set point mean in Homeostasis?

Normal range

What does a receptor/sensor mean in Homeostasis?

Notice when set point is not right, then communicates with CC

What does a control center mean in Homeostasis?

Processes info from receptor then sends info to effector

What does a effector mean in Homeostasis?

helps bring back situation to set point

Negative Feedback

Response counteracts the change

-EX: Body temp drops, response has body temp rise

3 Examples of substances in the blood that are maintained at specific levels

Glucose, sodium, calcium

Human Body Cavities

-Posterior Aspect

-Cranial Cavity (Brain)

-Vertebral Cavity (Spinal Cord)

Ventral Cavity

-Thoracic Cavity

—Mediastinum

—Plural

—Pericardial

-Diaphragm

-Abdominopelvic Cavity

—Abdominal

—-Pelvic

Diaphragm

Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Thoracic Cavity

Hollow space in the chest containing the thoracic organs

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic outlet

Contains the abdominal and pelvic organs

Abdominal Cavity

Includes the stomach, liver, spleen, etc

Pelvic Cavity

Include portion of large intestines, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

Mediastinum

Contains the heart, esophagus, thymus

What cavities are in the thoratic and abdominalpelvic cavity?

Viscera

Parietal

membrane attached to the wall of a cavity

Visceral

Membrane that is interior (covers an internal organ)

Pariental pleura

Serous membrane that covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity wall

Pleural cavity

Potential space between the visceral and parietal plural membranes

What is the membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity called?

Peritoneal membranes