Higher Brain Function

All the words we hear/read are understood in?

• Wernick’s area

The concept/understanding of words originates in?

• Wernicke's area

Words that are heard are projected to?

• auditory cortex of the temporal lobes

Damage to Wernicke's area (Wernicke's aphasia) results in?

• Destruction of Language Comprehension

• Unable to understand Written or Spoken Words

• Fast & Fluid Speech with no meaning

The ability to speak originates from?

• Broca’s area

Damage to Broca's area (Broca’s aphasia) results in?

• Impaired Speech

• Comprehension is unimpaired.

Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area communicate via the?

• Arcuate Fasciculus

A fasciculus is a bundle of axons that travel together …?

• with a similar function in a tract.

The Structures of the Limbic System ac as?

• An imaginary Border between the Cerebral Cortex & Underlying Structures of the Diencephalon

The limbic system and the hypothalamus provide the?

• Neural Basic for Emotion

Are Structures of the Limbic System well defined?

• No

Can Complex emotion be linked directly to one Structure?

• No, Emotions are too complex to be assigned to a single structure. Instead a few structures would be more suitable.

Limbic Structures:

The Amygdala is strongly associated with?

• Fear & Aggression

Limbic Structures:

The Septal Nuclei is strongly associated with?

• Pleasure & Reward

Limbic Structures:

The Cingulate Gyrus is strongly associated with?

• Emotion & Memory

Limbic Structures:

The Hpipocampus is strongly associated with?

• Memory

Limbic Structures:

The Mammillary Bodies is associated with?

• Amygdala and Hippocampus

Limbic Structures:

The Hypothalamus is strongly associated with?

• Homeostasis

Limbic Structures:

The Olfactory is strongly associated with?

• Sense & Smell

Describe the Old Limbic System?

• Derived Early in Vertebrate evolution.

• Is Older than the Cerebral Cortex

• Explains why Humans have little control over Emotion.

Emotions such as fear and aggression are heavily influenced by the?

• Amygdala and Hippocampus

The hypothalamus and limbic system are involved in the regulation of?

• Sexual Drive & Behaviour

New memories are created by synthesising new?

• New Synaptic Connections between Neurons

Memory is Grossly divided into 2 categories called?

• Declarative

• Non Declarative

Declarative can be further divided into?

• Semantic Memory (Fact) i.e recalling the name of a muscle

• Episodic Memory (Event)

What is an example of Non Declarative memory?

• Tying your shoes.

• How to put on a jacket etc.

Memory Consolidation involves what structures?

• The hippocampus of the temporal lobe