Dysarthria Double Plus Distinguishing Characteristics

Atrophy

Flaccid

Fasciculations

Flaccid

Facial Myokimia

Flaccid

Rapid Deterioration and Recovery with Rest

Flaccid

Synkinesis (eye blink/lower face)

Flaccid

Nasal Regurgitation

Flaccid

Unilateral Palatal Weakness

flaccid

Sucking Reflex

Spastic

Snout Reflex

Spastic

Jaw Jerk Reflex

Spastic

Pseudobulbar Affect

Spastic

Dysmetric Jaw, Face, Tongue AMRs

Ataxic

Masked Facies

Hypokinetic

Tremulous Jaw, Lips, Tongue

Hypokinetic

Reduced range of motion on AMR tasks

Hypokinetic

Involuntary head, jaw, face, tongue, palate, respiratory movements during sustained postures or during movement

hyperkinetic

Sensory “Tricks”

hyperkinetic

Relatively sustained head deviation (torticollis)

Hyperkinetic

Tremor of palate, pharynx, larynx, lips, nares, tongue, or respiratory muscles

Hyperkinetic

Multiple Motor Tics

hyperkinetic

Facial grimacing during speech

hyperkinetic

unilateral lower face weakness

UUMN

nonverbal oral apraxia

apraxia of speech

hypernasality

flaccid

breathiness (continuous)

flaccid

diplophonia

flaccid

Nasal emission (audible)

flaccid

Audible inspiration (stridor)

Flaccid

Short phrases

flaccid

Speaking on inhalation

flaccid

Harshness

spastic

Low pitch

spastic

slow rate

spastic

strained-strangled quality

spastic

slow and regular AMRs

spastic

excess and equal stress

ataxic

irregular articulatory breakdowns

ataxic

irregular AMRs

ataxic and hyperkinetic

distorted vowels

ataxic and hyperkinetic

excess loudness variation

ataxic and hyperkinetic

telescoping of syllables

ataxic

monopitch

hypokinetic

reduced stress

hypokinetic

monoloudness

hypokinetic

reduced loudness

hypokinetic

inappropriate silences

hypokinetic

short rushes of speech

hypokinetic

variable rate

hypokinetic

increased rate in segments

hypokinetic

increased overall rate

hypokinetic

rapid, “blurred” AMRs

hypokinetic

repeated phonemes

hypokinetic

palilalia

hypokinetic

prolonged intervals

hyperkinetic

sudden forced inspiration/expiration

hyperkinetic

voice stoppages/arrests

hyperkinetic

transient breathiness

hyperkinetic

voice tremor

hyperkinetic

intermittent hypernasality

hyperkinetic

slow and irregular AMRs

ataxic and hyperkinetic

marked deterioration with increased rate (action myoclonus)

hyperkinetic

inappropriate vocal noises

hyperkinetic

Coprolalia

hyperkinetic

intermittent strained voice/arrests

hyperkinetic

intermittent breathy/aphonic segments

hyperkinetic

Poorly sequenced AMRs

apraxia of speech

articulatory groping

apraxia of speech

distorted substitutions

apraxia of speech

attempts at self-correction

apraxia of speech

articulatory additions/complications

apraxia of speech

automatic > volitional speech

apraxia of speech

inconsistent articulatory errors

apraxia of speech

increased errors with increased length

apraxia of speech