Thyroid Gland Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the thyroid gland, including its anatomy, physiology, hormones, and related pathologies.

The thyroid gland is one of the __ endocrine glands in the body.

largest

The walls of the thyroid gland are formed by __ cells.

follicle

The glycoprotein produced by follicle cells in the thyroid gland is called __.

thyroglobulin

The main thyroid hormone released is T4, also known as __.

thyroxine

The more active thyroid hormone that binds to target receptors is __.

T3

T3 is approximately __ times more active than T4.

10

In normal conditions, the thyroid gland can store hormones for more than __ months.

3

Iodine deficiency is the primary cause of the development of __ and hypothyroidism.

goiter

The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is __.

T4

The ratio of T4 to T3 released by the thyroid gland is roughly __ to one.

80% T4 20%T4

The thyroid hormone's negative feedback mechanism regulates TSH levels based on T4 concentration in the blood, where high T4 levels inhibit __.

TSH production

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include heat intolerance, weight loss, and __.

increased appetite

In hypothyroidism, TSH levels are usually __ and T4 levels are low due to insufficient thyroid hormone production.

high

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is __ thyroiditis.

Hashimoto's

Secondary hypothyroidism is caused by a problem with the __ gland.

pituitary

For diagnosing hyperthyroidism, T3 levels may be elevated while T4 levels remain __.

normal

The thyroid gland's surgery is challenging due to its __ blood supply.

rich

beta blockers are used in hyperthyroidism to help alleviate symptoms such as __.

rapid heart rate

A thyroid storm is also known as a __ crisis.

thyrotoxic

Potassium iodide is used to protect the thyroid gland during exposure to __ radiation.

nuclear