Key Concepts in Independence Movements and Political Ideologies QUIZ 1

Independence Movements

Efforts by people or colonies to break away from control of another country and rule themselves.

Enlightenment Ideas

Efforts by people or colonies to break away from control of another country and rule themselves.

Social Contract

The idea that people give up some freedoms to a government in exchange for protection and order.

Sovereighty

The power of a country or leader to rule itself without outside control

Popular sovereignty

The belief that political power comes from the people, not kings or rulers

Nationalism

Pride in one’s country and the belief that it should govern itself

Republicanism

A system where citizens choose representatives to make laws instead of having a king

Liberalism

A belief in protecting individual freedoms, rights, and equality under law

Mercantilism

An economic system where colonies exist mainly to benefit their mother country through trade

Colonialism

When one country controls and settles in another territory

Imperialism

When a powerful country dominates weaker regions politically, economically, and militarily

Revolution

A big and often violent change in government or society

Rebellion

A group rising up against authority or government

Constitution

A written plan of government that sets rules and rights

Declaration of Independence

A document declaring freedom from another country’s rule (like the US from Britian in 1776)

Monroe Doctrine

A US policy (1823) warning European countries not to interfere in the Americas

Foreign Intervention

When another country gets involved in another nations problems, usually with money or military

Military campaign

A series of planned battles or actions by an army

Political legitimacy

The idea that a government has the rule and the people accept it

Social hierarchy

The ranking of people in society, often by class, race, or wealth

Creole nationalism

Pride and independence movements led by Creoles (people of European descent born in the americas)

Economic autonomy

The ability of a nation or region to control its own economy

Trade liberalization

Reducing restrictions on trade so goods can move more freely between countries

Post-colonial state

A country formed after it gained independence from colonial rule

Wars of Independence

Conflicts fought to gain freedom from colonial powers

contradictory ideologies

opposing sets of beliefs or ideas that clash

Transition of power

The shift of control from one leader or government to another

self-determination

the right of people to decide their own government and future