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Cells

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17 Terms

1

Cells

Basic structural and functional units of life that arise only from preexisting cells.

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2

Zygote

The fertilized egg from which all cells in the body can be traced back.

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3

LUCA

Last Universal Common Ancestor, the origin of all cells.

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4

Hadean Eon

The early period of Earth's history characterized by extreme conditions, including volcanic activity and high UV radiation.

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5

Prebiotic Earth

The state of Earth before life, marked by conditions unsuitable for life.

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6

Spontaneous Generation

The theory that living organisms can arise from nonliving material, which has been disproven.

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7

Miller-Urey Experiment

A 1953 experiment that simulated early Earth conditions and demonstrated the formation of organic compounds.

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8

Polymerization

The process of combining small molecules to form larger chain-like molecules called polymers, essential for life.

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9

RNA

A polymer formed from nucleotide monomers, believed to have preceded DNA and capable of self-replication.

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10

Abiogenesis

The process by which life arises naturally from non-living matter.

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11

Pasteur's Experiment

An experiment that disproved spontaneous generation by showing that organisms only grew in broken flasks.

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12

LUCA Evidence

All living cells contain DNA, indicating a common ancestral cell.

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13

Chemoautotroph

An organism that derives energy from chemical reactions, likely characteristics of LUCA.

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14

Eukaryotes

Organisms with complex cells that originated through infolding of plasma membranes and endosymbiosis.

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15

Endosymbiosis

The process by which chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from independent prokaryotes living within host cells.

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16

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce energy for the cell and are thought to have evolved before chloroplasts.

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17

Multicellularity

The condition of being composed of multiple cells, providing advantages such as longer life spans and increased complexity.

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