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Cells
Basic structural and functional units of life that arise only from preexisting cells.
Zygote
The fertilized egg from which all cells in the body can be traced back.
LUCA
Last Universal Common Ancestor, the origin of all cells.
Hadean Eon
The early period of Earth's history characterized by extreme conditions, including volcanic activity and high UV radiation.
Prebiotic Earth
The state of Earth before life, marked by conditions unsuitable for life.
Spontaneous Generation
The theory that living organisms can arise from nonliving material, which has been disproven.
Miller-Urey Experiment
A 1953 experiment that simulated early Earth conditions and demonstrated the formation of organic compounds.
Polymerization
The process of combining small molecules to form larger chain-like molecules called polymers, essential for life.
RNA
A polymer formed from nucleotide monomers, believed to have preceded DNA and capable of self-replication.
Abiogenesis
The process by which life arises naturally from non-living matter.
Pasteur's Experiment
An experiment that disproved spontaneous generation by showing that organisms only grew in broken flasks.
LUCA Evidence
All living cells contain DNA, indicating a common ancestral cell.
Chemoautotroph
An organism that derives energy from chemical reactions, likely characteristics of LUCA.
Eukaryotes
Organisms with complex cells that originated through infolding of plasma membranes and endosymbiosis.
Endosymbiosis
The process by which chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from independent prokaryotes living within host cells.
Mitochondria
Organelles that produce energy for the cell and are thought to have evolved before chloroplasts.
Multicellularity
The condition of being composed of multiple cells, providing advantages such as longer life spans and increased complexity.
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