Ap world unit 5

The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author's motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

A.)Bolívar opposed the use of Native Americans and Africans as forced laborers in Latin America.

B.)Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

C.)Bolívar was alarmed by the excessive consumerism in the Spanish empire.

D.)Bolívar hoped to undo the effects of the columbian exchange.

B.)Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

Which of the following groups was Bolívar most trying to influence with this letter?

A.)Mulatto shopkeepers

B.)Plantation slaves

C.)Amerindian miners

D.)Creole elites

D.)Creole elites

Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?

A.)Feudalism

B.)Mercantilism

C.)Socialism

D.)Capitalism

B.)Mercantilism

Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti?

A.)The Protestant Reformation

B.)The Russian Revolution

C.)The French Revolution

D.)The Industrial Revolution

C.)The French Revolution

In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution?

A.)The French Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideas while the Haitian Revolution was not.

B.)The Haitian Revolution began because of unfair taxation by the French king.

C.)The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.

D.)The leaders of the French Revolution wanted religious freedom while the leaders of the Haitian Revolution wanted equal representation.

C.)The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.

The author's argument regarding the effects of Western philosophy on the world is likely based on which of the following?

A.)The technological innovations of Greece and Rome

B.)The global spread of Christianity as a result of European trade and conquest

C.)The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide

D.)The globalization of popular European postmodern philosophy

C.)The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide

Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch?

A.)Trade unionism

B.)The Enlightenment

C.)Social Darwinism

D.)Marxism

B.)The Enlightenment

Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world?

A.)Increased availability of Asian indentured labor

B.)The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies

C.)The efforts of industrialists to create a more flexible workforce

D.)A decline in the number of enslaved persons being taken from Africa

B.)The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies

In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world?

A.)Liberalism

B.)Absolutism

C.)Fascism

D.)Communism

A.)Liberalism

Which of the following statements is true of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century?

A.)Slaves led a majority of the armed revolts.

B.)Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule.

C.)The United States provided military and financial support to all the revolts.

D.)The revolts led to the elimination of racial discrimination throughout Latin America.

B.)Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule.

Which of the following was the key factor in the start of Latin American independence?

A.)Slave uprisings

B.)Creole grievances about their lack of political authority

C.)The end of the Napoleonic Wars

D.)Enlightenment ideas about religious tolerance

B.)Creole grievances about their lack of political authority

Judging from the excerpt above, which of the following was the main purpose of Morelos' speech?

A.)To outline a plan for the long-term development of the new Mexican state

B.)To oppose the claims of Mexican Creoles seeking to play a leading role in the new state

C.)To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building

D.)To suggest that the establishment of the Mexican nation-state was proof of the superiority of the Aztecs

C.)To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building

Which of the following best describes the author's approach in the first paragraph?

A.)Relying on statistical data to determine the true conditions of slavery

B.)Illustrating the damage of slavery by quoting from written slave narratives

C.)Using sarcasm to highlight the weakness of the proslavery arguments

D.)Providing evidence to corroborate the newspapers' position

C.)Using sarcasm to highlight the weakness of the proslavery arguments

The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century?

A.)The emergence of nationalism

B.)The formation of separatist movements

C.)The application of Enlightenment ideas

D.)The growth of empirical science

C.)The application of Enlightenment ideas

One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both

A.)challenged monarchical governments

B.)resulted in the abolition of slavery

C.)resulted in the abolition of class divisions in society

D.)enabled women to achieve political equality with men

A.)challenged monarchical governments

Which of the following is the main claim that the author makes in the passage?

A.)Europeans should learn from the knowledge and wisdom of classical Greece and Rome.

B.)Philosophy and science are fundamentally incompatible.

C.)Ethics and morality are subjective and culture-specific.

D.)People have natural rights that can be established through rational inquiry.

D.)People have natural rights that can be established through rational inquiry.

Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the second paragraph?

A.)In some cases, governments need to stifle freedom of speech.

B.)Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.

C.)Man's natural condition is one of suffering and a struggle for survival.

D.)Loyalty to one's nation is the greatest virtue a person can aspire to have.

B.)Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.

Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the third paragraph?

A.)The French Revolution has advanced the principles of Enlightenment.

B.)The failure to grant political rights to women is at odds with the idea of natural rights.

C.)The economic policies of the French monarchy have been the main cause of the revolution.

D.)The calls to reform the criminal justice system do not take into account the severity of the social problems posed by France's high crime rates.

A.)The French Revolution has advanced the principles of Enlightenment.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the views expressed in the two sources?

A.)Source 1 assumes that people are fundamentally rational and capable of being persuaded by rational arguments, whereas Source 2 assumes that people are fundamentally irrational and motivated by instincts and passions.

B.)Source 1 asserts that liberty is synonymous with individual freedom of action, whereas Source 2 asserts that true liberty involves a collective obligation to act in the best interests of the community.

C.)Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior.

D.)Source 1 argues that members of the elite should follow the democratically expressed will of the people, whereas Source 2 argues that members of the elite should lead and lift up the people by providing them with education.

C.)Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the arguments made in the two sources regarding ideas of liberty and equality?

A.)Both sources reject the ideas for the same reason, namely that demands for liberty and equality would lead to political instability and sweeping social changes in Europe.

B.)Source 1 rejects the ideas because of the threat they represent to multinational empires, whereas Source 2 rejects the ideas because of the universal and equalizing nature of their claims.

C.)Source 1 embraces the ideas because of the promise of emancipation they hold to oppressed minority groups, whereas Source 2 embraces the ideas because of their origins in Enlightenment thought.

D.)Both sources embrace the ideas for the same reason, namely that liberty and equality are inalienable natural rights and governments' attempts to restrict those rights are doomed to fail.

B.)Source 1 rejects the ideas because of the threat they represent to multinational empires, whereas Source 2 rejects the ideas because of the universal and equalizing nature of their claims.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the positions expressed by the authors of the two sources regarding the idea that existing political boundaries should be changed so that each nation has its own state?

A.)Source 1 explicitly supports the idea, but Source 2 explicitly rejects it.

B.)Source 1 explicitly rejects the idea, but Source 2 explicitly supports it.

C.)Both Source 1 and Source 2 explicitly support the idea.

D.)Neither Source 1 nor Source 2 explicitly supports the idea.

D.)Neither Source 1 nor Source 2 explicitly supports the idea.

Together with access to coal deposits, which environmental factor most directly contributed to Great Britain's early industrialization?

A.)Its location on an island group separate from continental Europe

B.)Its abundance of iron ore

C.)Its cold climate, unsuitable for cultivating many crops

D.)Its plentiful domestic sources of gold and silver

B.)Its abundance of iron ore

Waterways such as canals and rivers were important in the process of early industrialization because they provided

A.)cheap electrical power needed for industrial production

B.)access to leisure activities for the growing middle class

C.)a source for improved sanitation for the rapidly urbanizing population centers

D.)a means for integrating economic activities in regional and national markets

D.)a means for integrating economic activities in regional and national markets

Which of the following best summarizes the way in which the development of the factory system and the development of new transportation infrastructure such as railways worked together as factors facilitating British industrialization?

A.)The factory system produced the surplus labor that led large numbers of British people to emigrate overseas, and the new transportation infrastructure enabled those migrants to make their journeys.

B.)The factory system concentrated the working classes in cities, and new transportation infrastructure allowed governments to better monitor and police these workers.

C.)The factory system concentrated production in relatively few locations, and the new transportation infrastructure allowed more goods and people to reach these locations in less time.

D.)The factory system led to an ever-greater degree of specialization of labor and, by doing so, helped meet the railway industry's need for highly skilled workers.

C.)The factory system concentrated production in relatively few locations, and the new transportation infrastructure allowed more goods and people to reach these locations in less time.

Based on the chart, which of the following best describes a pattern in the spread of railroads in Europe from 1830 to 1850 ?

A.)Multinational empires adopted railroads more extensively than other states did.

B.)Countries that industrialized the latest had the most extensive mileage of railroads by 1850.

C.)The largest countries had the most extensive railroad networks by 1850.

D.)Areas in northwestern Europe adopted railroads more extensively than areas in other parts of Europe.

D.)Areas in northwestern Europe adopted railroads more extensively than areas in other parts of Europe.

Which of the following best describes the expansion in total railway line kilometers by 1850 in countries that possessed zero kilometers of railroad lines in 1830 ?

A.)Austria-Hungary had the largest expansion.

B.)Germany had the largest expansion.

C.)Italy had the largest expansion.

D.)Russia had the largest expansion.

B.)Germany had the largest expansion.

Which of the following best describes the comparative change in kilometers of railroad lines in Britain and France from 1830 to 1850 ?

A.)Britain possessed more railway lines in 1830 and expanded its lead significantly over France by 1850.

B.)Britain possessed fewer railway lines than France in 1830 but possessed much more than France by 1850.

C.)Britain possessed more railway lines in 1830, but France took the lead over Britain by 1850.

D.)Britain possessed fewer railway lines than France in 1830, and France continued to have more railway lines by 1850.

A.)Britain possessed more railway lines in 1830 and expanded its lead significantly over France by 1850.

In the period circa 1750-1900, the historical process illustrated by the image led directly to all of the following major global transformations EXCEPT

A.)the outbreak of the Atlantic revolutions and the emergence of new states in the Americas

B.)the transition from human- and animal-powered economies to fossil fuel-powered economies

C.)a significant increase in transregional trade and migration

D.)the increasing use of electricity in industrial and consumer applications

A.)the outbreak of the Atlantic revolutions and the emergence of new states in the Americas

Unlike the four scenes in the top two rows of the lithograph, the inclusion of the two scenes in the bottom row is best explained by

A.)state-sponsored industrialization policies motivated by social welfare programs

B.)the technological innovations of the second industrial revolution

C.)resistance to industrialization by organized labor motivated by socialist philosophy

D.)the mathematical and physical discoveries of the Scientific Revolution

B.)the technological innovations of the second industrial revolution

Which of the following contributed directly to Great Britain's ability to consolidate or expand its colonial control of interior regions of Asia and Africa in the late nineteenth century?

A.)The changes illustrated in the middle row of the image only

B.)The changes illustrated in the bottom row of the image only

C.)The changes illustrated in the top two rows of the image

D.)The changes illustrated in the bottom two rows of the image

C.)The changes illustrated in the top two rows of the image

As described in the passage, the pattern of economic development in Russia in the nineteenth century differed most strongly from which other pattern of economic development during the same period?

A.)The emergence of resource export economies, such as those in colonial South Asia

B.)The expansion of transnational businesses, such as global banking and insurance companies

C.)The implementation of economic policies to promote industrialization, such as the attempts to develop a cotton textile industry in Egypt

D.)The transition from preindustrial to industrial production through the actions of private entrepreneurs or companies

D.)The transition from preindustrial to industrial production through the actions of private entrepreneurs or companies

The rapid growth of industrial output in Russia during the 1890s was most likely comparable to the growth of industrial output in which other state during the same period?

A.)The Ottoman Empire

B.)Qing China

C.)Meiji Japan

D.)Brazil

C.)Meiji Japan

The economic changes in rapidly industrializing countries such as the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth century led most directly to which of the following social or intellectual changes during the same period?

A.)The emergence of nationalism and separatism among ethnic minority groups in multiethnic empires

B.)The development of economic theories advocating free trade, such as laissez-faire

C.)The creation of new social classes and class consciousness

D.)The growth of the woman suffrage movement

C.)The creation of new social classes and class consciousness

The debates about maritime shipping in Japan alluded to in the first paragraph were most directly connected to which of the following nineteenth-century developments?

A.)The development of Marxist critiques of international capitalism

B.)The development of trade union and labor movements dedicated to advancing industrial workers' rights

C.)The development of rival economic theories differing with respect to their views of free trade

D.)The development of opposing political factions supporting or resisting Westernization reforms within many Asian governments

C.)The development of rival economic theories differing with respect to their views of free trade

Iwasaki's position in the letter on the relationship between the Mitsubishi Company and the Japanese government is most clearly a response to

A.)Western governments gaining access to Japan's markets by imposing laissez-faire economic regimes

B.)Japan's policy of strict economic isolation and restricting cultural contacts with the West

C.)concerns that Japan's aggressive economic and foreign policies were jeopardizing relations with its East Asian neighbors

D.)the prospect that the development of domestic shipping might lead to a war between Japan and Western countries

A.)Western governments gaining access to Japan's markets by imposing laissez-faire economic regimes

The commercial rivalries discussed in the third paragraph best illustrate the interplay between nineteenth-century economic development in Japan and the development of

A.)extractive economies as part of Western imperialism

B.)Western-dominated large-scale transnational businesses

C.) global consumer economy leading to increased living standards worldwide

D.)new regional and international identities opposed to nationalism

B.)Western-dominated large-scale transnational businesses

Which of the following pieces of information that Trollope reveals about himself in the passage might best explain his contention that economic inequalities ought to be addressed "gradually and without any sudden disruption of society"?

A.)His advanced age

B.)His Christian faith

C.)His admission that he was born into a fortunate condition

D.)His relatively high level of education

C.)His admission that he was born into a fortunate condition

Trollope's arguments in the second paragraph are most clearly intended to offer an alternative to the arguments made by which late nineteenth-century group?

A.)Liberals

B.)Conservatives

C.)Socialists

D.)Nationalists

C.)Socialists

Trollope's characterization of democracy in the second paragraph can best be seen as a direct reference to which aspect of the historical situation in the late nineteenth century?

A.)The political and social radicalism of the French Revolution

B.)The emergence of strong labor unions in many industrialized countries

C.)The movements to reform countries' political systems by expanding the franchise

D.)The resentment of United States cultural influences in some European countries

C.)The movements to reform countries' political systems by expanding the franchise

The class relationships in Manchester described by Parkinson are best explained in the context of the

A.)low education levels of urban residents and the scarcity of schools

B.)increasing pressure for greater political representation of new industrial towns in national governments

C.)declining wealth of the traditional landed aristocracy in comparison to factory owners and industrialists

D.)continuous migration of new workers to industrial towns and the high job turnover

D.)continuous migration of new workers to industrial towns and the high job turnover

The disparities of wealth mentioned by Parkinson in the passage are best explained in the context of the

A.)lower prices for consumer goods made possible by industrialization

B.)higher wages available for industrial work as compared to agricultural work

C.)high profits and low wages associated with manufacturing industries in the nineteenth century

D.)failure of urban governments to create infrastructure and public health services in rapidly growing cities

C.)high profits and low wages associated with manufacturing industries in the nineteenth century

The rapid growth of nineteenth-century industrial cities such as Manchester is best understood in the context of which of the following economic developments?

A.)The increases in agricultural productivity that freed up laborers for work in factories

B.)The adoption of protective legislation for workers that encouraged people to seek industrial jobs

C.)The abolition of slavery that made plantation agriculture less profitable

D.)The migration of people from colonial areas to Europe in search of better economic opportunities

A.)The increases in agricultural productivity that freed up laborers for work in factories

In contrast to initial industrialzation, the second in