BIO 181 Exam 2 Practice Test Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts from the BIO 181 Exam 2 Practice Test, including cell organelles, cellular processes, and important biological principles.

What is the primary function of the mitochondrion?

Cellular respiration and energy production.

True or False: Osmosis requires energy from ATP.

False.

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion?

Golgi apparatus.

Which of the following are passive transport mechanisms? (Select all that apply)

Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion.

Enzymes work by lowering what type of energy?

Activation energy.

The Krebs cycle occurs in which part of the cell?

Mitochondria.

True or False: Chloroplasts are found only in animal cells.

False.

Which organelle is responsible for detoxification and lipid synthesis?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

In cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor?

Oxygen.

The plasma membrane is described by what model?

Fluid mosaic model.

Which of the following are products of glycolysis? (Select all that apply)

Pyruvate, NADH, ATP.

What is the main function of the ribosome?

Protein synthesis.

True or False: The smooth ER has ribosomes attached to its surface.

False.

Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle?

Chloroplast.

Which factors can affect enzyme activity? (Select all that apply)

pH, Temperature, Substrate concentration.

What is produced as a waste product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Oxygen.

The fluid mosaic model refers to the structure of what?

The plasma membrane.

True or False: Diffusion moves molecules from high to low concentration.

True.

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Electron transport chain.

The cytoskeleton provides what two things for the cell?

Support and shape.

Which are components of the cytoskeleton? (Select all that apply)

Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments.

The main purpose of the electron transport chain is to create a what type of gradient?

Proton gradient.

True or False: Enzymes are consumed during chemical reactions.

False.

The Calvin cycle occurs in what part of the chloroplast?

Stroma.

Which of the following processes are active transport? (Select all that apply)

Endocytosis, Sodium-potassium pump, Exocytosis.

Which organelle contains its own DNA besides the nucleus?

Mitochondria.

The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy is called what?

Photosynthesis.

True or False: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for producing ATP.

False.

Which molecule is the main energy currency of the cell?

ATP.

Which are reactants of photosynthesis? (Select all that apply)

CO2, H2O.

The site of glycolysis is where?

Cytoplasm.

True or False: Active transport moves molecules with their concentration gradient.

False.

Which part of the mitochondria is where the Krebs cycle takes place?

Matrix.

The main purpose of cellular respiration is to produce what?

ATP.

Which molecules are produced in the light reactions? (Select all that apply)

NADPH, ATP, O2.

The cell’s boundary that regulates entry and exit of substances is the what?

Plasma membrane.

True or False: Plant cells contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

True.

Which organelle breaks down waste and damaged cell parts?

Lysosome.

Which are examples of eukaryotic cells? (Select all that apply)

Animal, Plant, Fungi.

The energy required to start a chemical reaction is called what energy?

Activation energy.

True or False: Facilitated diffusion requires transport proteins.

True.

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds organelles is called what?

Cytosol.

Which step of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

Glycolysis.

What are the outputs of the Krebs cycle? (Select all that apply)

CO2, NADH, ATP.

The enzyme that synthesizes ATP using a proton gradient is called what?

ATP synthase.

True or False: The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis require light to occur.

False.

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plants is the what?

Chloroplast.

Which factors influence membrane fluidity? (Select all that apply)

Temperature, Cholesterol, Type of fatty acids.

Which process produces lactic acid when oxygen is not available?

Lactic acid fermentation.

True or False: The nucleus is surrounded by a single membrane.

False.