Untitled Flashcards Set

What was the first major action FDR took when he became president?

He declared a Bank Holiday to inspect the health of banks.

What were the goals of the New Deal?

Relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform.

What New Deal programs were directly responsible for creating jobs?

The Works Progress Administration (WPA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and Public Works Administration (PWA).

What was the goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?

To raise crop prices by reducing agricultural production.

What reached unprecedented levels as a result of New Deal spending?

The federal deficit.

Which of FDR’s ideas was rejected and failed to become law?

His 'court-packing' plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court.

What caused FDR to be compassionate and strong at the same time?

His personal struggle with polio.

What were the causes of the Depression?

Stock market crash, bank failures, reduced consumer spending, and agricultural overproduction.

What was the Bonus Army?

A group of WWI veterans who marched to demand early payment of their promised bonuses.

What caused the Dust Bowl?

Severe drought and poor farming practices that led to soil erosion.

What did the Social Security Act of 1935 do?

Provided pensions for retirees, unemployment insurance, and aid for disabled individuals and dependent children.

How did FDR try to 'fix' the Supreme Court?

He proposed adding more justices to the court to secure support for New Deal policies.

What is deficit spending?

Spending more money than the government collects in revenue to stimulate the economy.

What is 'Direct Relief'?

Government-provided financial or food assistance to the needy.

What was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and what did it do?

Employed young men in projects like reforestation, park development, and flood control.

How did New Deal policies affect agriculture?

They provided subsidies to farmers to reduce production and stabilize prices.

Who was Huey Long and what was his program?

A Louisiana politician who proposed the 'Share Our Wealth' program to redistribute wealth more equally.

What did the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) do?

Provided direct aid to states to distribute to the needy.

What was FDR’s 'Court Packing' scheme?

A plan to increase the number of Supreme Court justices to ensure favorable rulings for New Deal legislation.

What was the most successful New Deal program with the biggest long-term impact?

The Social Security Act.

Which New Deal program greatly helped the environment?

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).

What is the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)?

Helped homeowners refinance mortgages to prevent foreclosures.

What is the Social Security Act?

Provided pensions, unemployment insurance, and assistance for the disabled and dependent children.

What does the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) do?

Reduced crop surplus to raise agricultural prices.

What did the Emergency Banking Relief Act allow?

Allowed the government to inspect and stabilize banks.

What is the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?

Developed the Tennessee Valley through dams and electrification.

What is the purpose of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?

Insured bank deposits to restore trust in the banking system.

What does the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) do?

Enforces labor rights and collective bargaining.

What is the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?

Regulates the stock market and prevents fraud.

What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

Created jobs in public works and arts projects.

What is Relief in the context of the New Deal?

Immediate assistance to alleviate suffering.

What is Recovery in the context of the New Deal?

Programs aimed at economic recovery and job creation.

What is Reform in the context of the New Deal?

Measures to prevent future economic disasters.

During the Great Depression, what did 'no cash' refer to?

The extreme financial hardship faced by families, limiting their ability to buy necessities.

What criticisms did the New Deal face?

Conservatives claimed it gave too much control to the federal government; business leaders opposed regulations; others felt it didn't go far enough for the poor or address racial inequality.

What are some key successes of the New Deal?

Creating jobs, stabilizing the banking system, providing long-term security with Social Security, and restoring public confidence.

What was the Dust Bowl?

An environmental disaster in the 1930s caused by severe drought and poor farming practices.