Calculating pH and Ionization of Acids and Bases-Unit22B

HCl

Hydrochloric acid

HBr

Hydrobromic acid

HI

Hydroiodic acid

HNO3

Nitric acid

H2SO4

Sulfuric acid

HClO3

Chloric acid

HClO4

Perchloric Acid

pH

[H3O+] = 10^(-pH)

pH formula

pH = -log[H3O+]

Concentration of HCl at pH 5.44

[H3O+] = 3.631 × 10^(-6) M

LiOH

Lithium hydroxide

NaOH

Sodium hydroxide

KOH

Potassium hydroxide

CsOH

Cesium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2

Barium hydroxide

pOH formula

pOH = -log[OH-]

pOH of 0.010 M Ba(OH)2

pOH = 1.70

Weak Acids

Contains an ionizable proton and a conjugate base, represented as HA.

Weak Bases

Contains a nitrogen atom that has a lone pair, represented as B or NX3.

Ka

The acid ionization constant.

Kb

The base ionization constant.

Equilibrium Reaction

Ionization is the chemical reaction between molecular acids and bases with water.

BH+

Conjugate acid of a base.

OH-

Hydroxide ion.

HA

Weak acid.

H+

Hydrogen ion.

A-

Conjugate base of an acid.

Equilibrium Concentration

The concentration of reactants and products at equilibrium.

Ka

Acid dissociation constant, defined as Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA].

Kb

Base dissociation constant, defined as Kb = [BH+][OH-]/[B].

Percent Ionization

The percentage of a substance that ionizes in solution, calculated as % ionization = [OH-]e/[B]i × 100.

Polyprotic Acid

An acid that can donate more than one proton.

pH

A measure of the acidity of a solution, calculated as pH = -log[H3O+].

pOH

A measure of the basicity of a solution, calculated as pOH = -log[OH-].

ICE Table

A table used to calculate the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium.

Initial Concentration

The concentration of a substance before any reaction occurs.

Change

The change in concentration of reactants and products as the reaction proceeds.

Equilibrium

The state in which the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.

H2Se

A diprotic acid with two ionizable protons.

Ka1

The first ionization constant for a polyprotic acid.

Ka2

The second ionization constant for a polyprotic acid.

Hydrocyanic Acid

A weak acid with the formula HCN.

Concentration of OH-

Calculated as [OH-] = 10^-pOH.

Concentration of H3O+

Calculated as [H3O+] = 10^-pH.

Ionization Constant

A measure of the strength of an acid or base in solution.