Gram Positive (+) Bacteria

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13 Terms

1

Clostridium tetani

  • Found in soil and enter through a wound.

  • Bacteria is tennis racket shaped

  • Phlym Firmicutes

  • Spore forming

  • Tetanus

    • painful muscle spasms leads to respiratory failure.

      • Neurotoxin: tetanospasmin

      • 40% mortality rate

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2

Clostridium botulinum

  • Found in soil, smoked fish, canned food, and honey

  • Rod shaped with peritrichious flahella

  • Botulism - severe paralytic disease (reverse of tetanus)

    • Neurotoxin: Botulinum

  • Phlym Firmicutes

  • Spore forming

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3

Clostridium perfringens

  • Found in soil and can get on to food (unwashed vegetables), meat, and can become apart of normal flora.

  • Rod shaped with flagella

  • Produces alpha toxin

    • Causes food poisoning

    • Gaseous gangrene

  • Phlym Firmicutes

  • Spore forming

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4

Clostridium difficile

  • Fecal-oral transmission (nosocomial, nursing homes)

  • Rod shaped with peritirichous flagella

  • Infectious diarrhea

    • Endotoxin

  • Used to be opportunistic but now it's affecting almost everyone.

  • Phlym Firmicutes

  • Spore forming

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5

Bacillus anthrax

  • Zoonotic (inhaled or ingested)

  • Non motile, spore former

  • Anthrax (pneumonia, blood infection, death)

    • Anthrax toxin

  • Phlym Firmicutes

  • Spore forming

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6

Bacillus cereus

  • Found in soil (unwashed vegetables), rice

  • Peritrichious

  • Food poisoning (known as “fried rice syndrome”)

    • Enterotoxin

  • Phlym Firmicutes

  • Spore forming

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7

Staphyloccus aureus

  • Found in normal flora

  • Form grape like clusters

  • Wound infections leading to sepsis

    • Is oppoertunistic

    • Toxin - gastroenteritis, can lead to toxic shock syndrome

  • Phlym Firmicutes

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8

Streptococcus pyogenes

  • Part of normal flora or found in the lungs

  • Transported through respiratory droplets

  • Chains and non motile

  • Causes strep throat

    • Can cause toxic shock syndrome

    • Can lead to scarlet fever

  • Phlym Firmicutes

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9

Streptococcus pneumonia

  • Typically lives in the lungs and is thus Spread through respiratory droplets

  • Found in normal flora

  • Chain shaped and non motile

  • leads to pneumonia and meningitis (opportunistic)

  • Phlym Firmicutes

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10

Streptococcus mutans

  • Normal flora in oral cavity

  • Chain, non motile

  • Dental carries

    • opportunistic

  • Phlym Firmicutes

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11

Lysteria monocytogenes

  • Dairy, raw meats, and animal poop

    • Found on fruits and vegatbles

  • Rod shaped and peritrichious (at room temp, NOT at body temp.)

  • Can cause Listeriasis

    • Food poisoning, sepsis, central nervous system infection

  • Phlym Firmicutes

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12

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Zoonotic and spread through aerosol droplets

  • Non motile, pleomorphic: slightly curved or straight rod

    • Intracellular

    • Mycolic acid: looks weakly G+

  • Causes TB

    • Chronic lung infection

  • Phylum Actinobacteria

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13

Mycobacterium leprae

  • Transmission is unknown

  • Structure: same as M. tuberculosis

  • Leprasy: skin lessons leading to loss of bones to loss of extremesties.

    • Get lepracy through contact with infected persons but specifics of transmission is unknown.

  • Phylum Actinobacteria

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