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Clostridium tetani
Found in soil and enter through a wound.
Bacteria is tennis racket shaped
Phlym Firmicutes
Spore forming
Tetanus
painful muscle spasms leads to respiratory failure.
Neurotoxin: tetanospasmin
40% mortality rate
Clostridium botulinum
Found in soil, smoked fish, canned food, and honey
Rod shaped with peritrichious flahella
Botulism - severe paralytic disease (reverse of tetanus)
Neurotoxin: Botulinum
Phlym Firmicutes
Spore forming
Clostridium perfringens
Found in soil and can get on to food (unwashed vegetables), meat, and can become apart of normal flora.
Rod shaped with flagella
Produces alpha toxin
Causes food poisoning
Gaseous gangrene
Phlym Firmicutes
Spore forming
Clostridium difficile
Fecal-oral transmission (nosocomial, nursing homes)
Rod shaped with peritirichous flagella
Infectious diarrhea
Endotoxin
Used to be opportunistic but now it's affecting almost everyone.
Phlym Firmicutes
Spore forming
Bacillus anthrax
Zoonotic (inhaled or ingested)
Non motile, spore former
Anthrax (pneumonia, blood infection, death)
Anthrax toxin
Phlym Firmicutes
Spore forming
Bacillus cereus
Found in soil (unwashed vegetables), rice
Peritrichious
Food poisoning (known as “fried rice syndrome”)
Enterotoxin
Phlym Firmicutes
Spore forming
Staphyloccus aureus
Found in normal flora
Form grape like clusters
Wound infections leading to sepsis
Is oppoertunistic
Toxin - gastroenteritis, can lead to toxic shock syndrome
Phlym Firmicutes
Streptococcus pyogenes
Part of normal flora or found in the lungs
Transported through respiratory droplets
Chains and non motile
Causes strep throat
Can cause toxic shock syndrome
Can lead to scarlet fever
Phlym Firmicutes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Typically lives in the lungs and is thus Spread through respiratory droplets
Found in normal flora
Chain shaped and non motile
leads to pneumonia and meningitis (opportunistic)
Phlym Firmicutes
Streptococcus mutans
Normal flora in oral cavity
Chain, non motile
Dental carries
opportunistic
Phlym Firmicutes
Lysteria monocytogenes
Dairy, raw meats, and animal poop
Found on fruits and vegatbles
Rod shaped and peritrichious (at room temp, NOT at body temp.)
Can cause Listeriasis
Food poisoning, sepsis, central nervous system infection
Phlym Firmicutes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Zoonotic and spread through aerosol droplets
Non motile, pleomorphic: slightly curved or straight rod
Intracellular
Mycolic acid: looks weakly G+
Causes TB
Chronic lung infection
Phylum Actinobacteria
Mycobacterium leprae
Transmission is unknown
Structure: same as M. tuberculosis
Leprasy: skin lessons leading to loss of bones to loss of extremesties.
Get lepracy through contact with infected persons but specifics of transmission is unknown.
Phylum Actinobacteria