AP Bio Vocab Week 2

trans fat

unsaturated fatty acid chain in which the configuration of the carbon-carbon double bonds is such that the hydrogen atoms are across from each other, as opposed to being on the same side

glycerol

three-carbon carbohydrate with three hydroxyl groups attached; a component of fats and oils

phospholipids

molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two non polar, hydrophobic tails

steroids

type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon ringsw

waxes

sticky, solid, water-repellent lipid consisting of many long-chain fatty acids usually linked to long-chain alcohols

proteins

polymer of amino acids; often consisting of one or more polypeptides and having a complex three-dimensional shape

amino acids

organic molecule composed of an amino group and an acid groups; covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules

peptide bond

type of covalent bond that joins two amino acids

denaturation

loss of proteins or an enzyme’s normal shape, so it no longer functions

prions

infectious particle consisting of protein only and no nucleic acid

nucleic acids

polymer of nucleotides

coenzymes

nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is loosely bound

ATP

nucleotide with three phosphate groups

nucleotide

monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

complementary base pairing

hyr=drogen bonding between particular purines and pyrimidines; responsible for the structure of DNA and some RNA molecules

ADP

nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP