Ch. 8 Vocab and Key People/ events

Precedent

traditions, to be copied by other presidents

Cabinet

a group of hand picked presidential advisors

National debt

the amount of money owed by the National government

Bond

paper notes, that are also called loans, promising to repay money in a certain length of time

Unconstitutional

 Not included, or inconsistent with the constitution

Tariff

A tax on imports

Thomas Jefferson

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* He was a leader of the Republican party
* He strongly opposed Hamilton's idea for a national bank
* He is the first secretary of state ever in Washington's cabinet. 

Alexander Hamilton

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* He was the first ever secretary of treasury in Washington's cabinet
* He was the leader of the federalist party
* His idea to create a national bank to organize the new countries finances

Neutrality

not taking sides in conflict between France and England

Impressment

English policy of kidnapping US sailors and forcing them to serve in the British Navy (illegal)

Whiskey Rebellion

* farmers from west Pennsylvania were in rebellion in 1794 as they protested the Whiskey tax
* This rebellion was put down when President Washington sent 13,000 troops to arrest the rebels

Battle of Fallen Timbers

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* President Washington sent General Anthony Wayne to present day Ohio to put down and Indian uprising by 1,000 Native Americans under the leadership of Chief Blue Jacket
* The uprising was defeated forcing Chief Blue Jacket to surrender

Treaty of Greenville

After losing the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the Native Americans were forced to give up most of their land in present day Ohio (1794)

Edmund Genet

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* A French diplomat who came to America to recruit American support for the French in their conflict with England
* He was arrested and sent back to France

Jay’s Treaty

* President Washington sent John Jay to negotiate a solution over the problem of the impressment of sailors
* Americans were angered at this treaty because impressment of sailors continued until the War of 1812

Pinckney’s Treaty

Was sent to Spain to negotiate an agreement to allow the U.S to use the Mississippi river and the port city of New Orleans for trade

**Partisan**

Favoring one side of an issue

Implied power

 **Powers that were not expressly forbidden in the Constitution** 

Caucus

Small meetings by members of congress

Alien

**Immigrants living in the country who were not yet citizens**

Sedition

**aimed at weakening the established government**

Nullify

To legally overturn

States’ rights

**The principal stated that the powers of the federal government should be limited to those clearly assigned to it by the Constitution** 

XYZ Affair

* **President Adams wanted to make peace with France by sending his delegates to work out the problem**
* **the French insulted and disrespected the American delegates by demanding a bribe of $300,000**
* **“Millions for defense bought not one cent for tribute” this statement reflected the great anger of Americans toward France**

Alien & Sedition Acts

* **In the year 1798, in an attempt to control immigrant influence congress passed the Alien Act which increased the time it took to become a citizen.**
* **It also allowed the government to deport foreigners out of the country who were called trouble makers** 
* **1798 Sedition Act, Was passed by the federalists to stop criticism of president Adams and the laws made by congress** 
* **This violated Americans 1st Amendment right of free speech and free press**

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

* **1798, The states of virginia and Kentucky assumed the power to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts because they are unconstitutional** 
* **This is the beginning of the States Rights principle which means the states believe they have the right to challenge the authority of the central government**