Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Wave 🌊

Vibrating disturbance by which energy is transmitted

Wavelength

Distance between identical point on successive waves

Frequency (v)

# of waves that pass through a particular point in a second

Ampltiude

vertical distance from the midline of a wave to the peak or trough

Speed of a wave (u)

Product of wavelength and frequency

Electromagnetic Waves

Have electrical and magnetic field components

Electromagnetic Radiation

Emission and transmission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves

Quantum

Smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted, or absorbed in the form of electromagnetic radiation

Emission Spectra

Either continuous or line spectra of radiation emitted by substances

Line Spectra

Light emission only at specific wavelengths

Quantum Numbers

n, l, m₁, and m_s

n

Represents the distance from the nucleus

l

Represents the shape of the orbit

m₁

Represents the orientation of the orbital in space

m_s

Represents the type of spin, + or -

Either +1/2 or -1/2

Pauli Exclusion Principle

no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers

Shell

Electrons with the same value of n

Subshell

Electrons with the same values of n and I

Orbital

Electrons with the same values of n, l and m

Aufbau Principle

States as protons are added one by one to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons are similarly added to the atomic habits

Electron Configuration

How the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbitals in an atom

Noble Gas Core

Shows the electron configuration starting from the noble gas elements that most nearly preceded the element being considered

Paramagentic Results

Results when all electrons are unpaired

Diamagnetic Results

Results when all electrons are paired