HOA FINALS

Flying Buttress

Flying Buttress

an inclined bar of masonry carried on segmental arch and transmitting an outward and downward thrust from the roof or vault to a solid buttress directing to the ground

Crocket

a hooked shaped decorative element common in gothic cathedrals.It is in the form of stylized carving or curled leaves

Finial

an ornament at the tip of pinnacle spire or other tapering vertical

Pinnacle

a pointed termination of a spire buttress or other extremity of a building sometimes decorated

Niche

a recess in the thickness of a wall

Rose Window

circular window composed of patterned tracery arranged in petal-like formation

Trumeau

a vertical architectural member between the leaves of a doorway,often highly decorated

Lancet Arch

tall thin arches like medieval lances usually paired or in triplets

Flamboyant Arch

arches that create a rich and lively effect

Lintel

transfer weight to the wall but to a series of columns,thus opening the wall and freeing the plan

East and West

The Roman Empire was halved into

Frankish King Charlemagne

established the Holy Roman Empire

sober and dignified

The general character of the Romanesque style is

rib and panel vaulting

Roman cross-vaults were gradually superseded by

Romanesque churches

Towers, either square, octagonal, or circular, are prominent features of most

pilaster strips

Walls were often built with ———- connected at the top by bands of horizontal moldings or by a series of semicircular arches

Rose or wheel window

was often placed over the west door

Pisa Cathedral

Francesco Borromini

What fatrmous baroque architect designed the church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane In Rome

Irregularly Shaped Pearl

The term “Baroque” is believed to have been derived from the Protuguese word “barroco”. What is the literal English translation of “barroco”?

Cupola

In Baroque Architecture, What is the name foe decorative structure that typically surmounts the dome of a building

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Who was the famous italian architect who known for his contribution to baroque architecture including the design of the st. peter’s Baldacin in the Vatican

St. Peter’s Basilica

What Baroque church is located in Rome and is Famous for its striking designed by Michelangelo

St. Agnese In Agone

Palais De Versailles or The Palace of Versailles

Which Famous palace in france, known for its Hall of Mirrors, is considered a prime example of Baroque Architecture

San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane

Palais de Versailes

Barrel Vault

A simplest form of a vault, consisting of a continous surface of semi circular or pointed sections

Groin Vault

A double/cross vault produced by the intersection at right angles by two barrel vaults

Semicircular Arch

The arch type utilized during the romanesque period adopted from the classical roman

Cushion Capital

a simple cube-like capital with its bottom corner tapered

Buttress

An architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall

Romanesque

Which of the following refers to a style that developed from 800-1100 AD, and is rooted fromthe classical Romann Architecture, use of roman style, construction techniques, and ornamentatios

Christianity

It became the unifying force which influenced the developed of church architecture throughout europe especially on countries that were under roman empire

Feudalism

A system wherein most lands were owned by lords, and in order to keep their lands and personal interest, they develop a means of protection against other lords which led to the development of military architecture

Crusades

These were a series of regiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by western christian europe with the objective of restoring christian control over the holy land

There were long trips to visit the relics of saints which allowed for the exchange of ideas, including those of architecture and construction during the romanesque period

The architectural character of romanesque period can be generally describe as

What is the prevailing church plan configuration of romanesque architecture

monastic churches

Which of the following refers to a major seat of learning where members of certain orders stay and learn all sorts of arts

Narthex

The entrance or lobby area, located at the far end from the church’s main altar

transept

An area seat crosswise to the nave in a cruciform (cross shaped) building normally with breadth same as the nave

Nave

The central approach to the high altar, the main body of church

Apse

The semi- circular or polygonal termination to the choir or aisles of a church: also where =the altar is placed

f

Originally used for procession during early Christian and byzantine. it is a continuation of the aisled spaces on top

clerestory

area of windows opening outside

Castle

: in response to the political unrest of the 10th-11th centuries

Crusades

series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns that freed the Holy Places in Palestine from Islam

Pilgrimage

long trips to visit the relics of Saints

Romanesque Structures

Architectural Examples

• Pisa Cathedral, Baptistery, and Campanile • Abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris

• Basilica of Saint Sernin, Toulouse

• Notre Dame du Port

• San Miniato, al Monte

• Peterborough Cathedral

Feudal system

landlords ruled with tyranny

Goths

sometimes “barbarians” were a people who flourished in Europe into the Middle Ages.

Giorgio Vasari

referred to the Gothic style as the "barbarous German style", and blamed the Goths for several architectural features

Gothic Structures

Architectural Examples ▪ Notre Dame, Paris

▪ Chartres Cathedral

▪ Salisbury Cathedral

▪ S. Maria del Fiore

Age of Humanism

earthly fulfillment rather than a preparation for paradise and the architect followed a literary idea and theory in addition to building structures

Vitruvius in 1486

Development of the “Treatise on Architecture” by

Martin Luther

began the Protestant Reformation

Pope Sixtus V

prioritize the technology of ancient Rome, restoring ancient aqueducts and creating fake facades

Domenico Fontana

: served as the architect to Pope Sixtus V during his urban development projects in Rome

Printing Press

by Guttenburg enabling architects in other European countries to acquire copies of treaties

Linear Perspective

: Brunelleschi codified the principles of linear perspective, making an exact representation of a 3D object

Early Renaissance

: the period of learning, designers were intent on the accurate transcription of Roman elements

High Renaissance or Proto-Baroque

: became an individual style in its own right and first appeared in Rome in the work of Bramante

Purist or Palladian

: Roman traditions

Proto-Baroque

– more confidence in acquired vocabulary freely

Baroque

: characterized as being dramatic, rich, grand, and alive

talian Mannerism

I: characterized by exaggerated, elongated proportions of figures

Loggia delle Muse:

the muses of Logia

Sala di Amore e Psiche:

Cupid and Psyche’s Hall

Sala dei Giganti

: the Giant’s Room

Pallazzo

“palace,” a governmental, institutional facility, and private residence

Piazza

public square

Rotunda

private residence

Vestibolo

entrance hall that leads from the street to the courtyard

Cortile

Italian word for courtyard.

Sala

Italian word for “room.” Salone; big room

scala

staircase, scalone; grand staircase

Camera

chamber

Studiolo

small study

Piano Terra

Ground floor

Primo piano nobile

main reception and bedrooms of the house. First floor

Secondo Piano Nobile

Second floor

Quion

corners of walls

Rustication

a stone that is cut and carved

Spain

a plateresque style, comes from the Spanish word “Platero” meaning silversmith

Portugal

a Manueline style, named after King Manuel I, is decorative rather than structural and is inspired by the voyages of discoverers

Germany

marked by a blending of traditional German Gothic elements with emerging Renaissance design principles.

Renaissance Structures

Florence Cathedral: The cathedral of St. Maria del Fiore by Filippo Brunelleschi

▪ Tempietto in S. Pietro, Montorio: temple by Donato Bramante

▪ San Biagio, Montepulciano: An example of a Renaissance Greek cross central plan by Antonio da Sangallo

▪ Palazzo del Te: a masterpiece of the Late Renaissance by Giulio Romano

▪ St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome: a combination of Renaissance and Baroque styles by Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Moderno, Bernini

▪ St. Gervais, Paris: earliest example of Renaissance Architecture with a classical church facade by Salomon De Brosse

▪ Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence: by Leon Battista Alberti known for its innovative use of rustication