Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Cases

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Students cannot organize prayer in public school. Violation of establishment clause.

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The Court used free expression of religion to rule that Amish religious beliefs outweighed the state's interest in mandatory high school attendance beyond eighth grade.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Symbolic speech case. Free expression of students as long as it doesn't disturb or interfere with school activities.

New York Times Co. v United States (1971)

Censorship case. The case set a strong precedent against prior restraint, ruling that speech on public matters cannot be censored, even for national security concerns.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Free speech. ¨Clear and present danger¨ doctrine with respect to subversive and unpopular speech. Falsely causes panic and worry.

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

An individual's right to keep and bear through the 14th Amendment makes the 2nd Amendment applicable to the states. (Selective Incorporation)

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

States are required to provide attorneys to criminal defendants that can't afford one. (Selective Incorporation)

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Inherent in due process clause of 14th Amendment. ¨Right to privacy¨ protects a woman's choice of whether or not to get an abortion.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

¨Same but separated¨ at educational facilities violate the Equal Protection Clause. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

The Court ruled that North Carolina's oddly shaped district suggested racial gerrymandering, even though the plan appeared racially neutral. This violated the Equal Protection Clause.