Chapter 11: Personality

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

• Start at the bottom and work your way up. You must start with the psychological needs first and then you are able to self-fulfill and realize one’s potential. 

• The basics are the most important. You can’t have one without the other.

What type of theory is the Big 5?

Trait theory. Trait - Personality that stays stable over time

Big 5 personality traits

O - openness to experience

C - conscientiousness

E - extroversion

A - agreeableness

N - neuroticism

Conscientiousness

how hard working, organized, detail oriented, responsible, dependable 

-low: negligent, careless, lazy

Which theory is associated with Sigmund Freud? 

Psychoanalytic theory

Freud’s personality theory: superego

morals and sense of right/wrong

Freud’s levels of consciousness

Preconscious: relatively easy to get it back into awareness when thinking about it

Horney’s personality theory

Internal conflicts result from inadequate child rearing experiences not unconscious drives  

Adler

primary struggle is to overcome childhood feelings of inferiority

Jung

Personal and collective unconscious 

Internal vs. External Locus of Control

Locus of control: degree to which a person perceives an outcome as being contingent on their own actions or those of external forces 

• External - can’t control - victim, fate

• Internal - can control

Objective measures of personality

• Interviews 

• Questionnaires 

• MMPI

Rorschach Test

the inkblot test

-Projective measure of personality

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Projective measure of personality