US History: Unit 2- Progressivism

Progressive movement

Aimed to restore economic opportunity and correct injustices in American Life.

What were the 4 major goals of the Progressive Movement?

Promoting Social Welfare, Moral Improvement, Economic Reform, Efficiency in Workplace

Protect Social Welfare meant…

Help the poor via community centers (YMCA), churches, and social services like Salvation Army.

Promote Moral Improvement

Prohibition, open kindergartens, work for suffrage, immigrants felt it was a move against its culture.

Panic of 1893

Causes many to question capitalism and many embraced socialism

Who were Muckrackers?

Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines.

Who was Upton Sinclair and why was he important?

Upton Sinclair was a muckraker who wrote about the uncleanliness in the meat packing industry in a book called The Jungle. He wrote about fingers and bugs in the meat. It was unsanitary.

Fostering Efficiency

Not all workers could work at the same rate so they needed to get more efficient by Scientific management

What is Scientific management?

The applications of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace

What did Henry Ford do to make his factories more efficient?

Henry Ford reduced the workday to 8 hours, increased the pay to $5 per day, and created the assembly line in which one person specialized in one specific thing.

Reforming Local Government

Council Manager Structure, commissions

Reform mayors

Fairer tax, lower fares, got rid of corruption, work relief for unemployed

Reform at the State Level

Regulate railroads, mines, mils, etc

Progressive Republican Robert La Follette

Wanted to get Big Business out of politics

Which constitutional amendment gave ordinary citizens a stronger voice in the government by requiring direct election of senators.

17th amendment

Why did businesses like child workers?

They were young and didn’t know any better. They worked low wages and small hands were beneficial, they wont form unions too.

National Child Labor Commitee (1904)

Gathered and published info on child labot

Keating-Owen Act (1916)

Prohibited transport of goods made by children across states lines. (Was later proved unconstitutional. So states passed their own laws.

Muller V. Oregon

Limited women to a 10 hour workday.

Bunting V. Oregon

Upheld a 10 hour work day for men

Oregon adopts…

• secret ballot

• Initiative

• Referendum

• Recall

Initiative

Bill written by citizens

Referendum

A vote on initiative

Recall

Remove politicians from office

Minnesota

Mandatory statewide primary system

Why was the Keating-Owens act declared unconstititutional?

Interfered with inter-state trade

3 developments in Suffrage

1. Increased activism

2. Bold new strategies to build enthusiasm

3. Rebirth of national movement

What political group led by Alice Paul, picketed the White House in their fight for women’s suffrage?

National Women’s Party (NWP)

What were the strategies used bug the suffragists to try to secure votes for women?

1. A constitutional Amendment

2. Test 14th amendment in court

3. Get approval from state legislatures

Which progressive era amendment extended suffrage to women?

19th Amendment

How did Teddy Rosevelt contribute?

• National Parks

• Food and drug Act

• Meat inspection act

• Believed in consumers protection

• Trust buster

Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)

Label should be accurate to contents

Why was Roosevelt called the “trust-buster”?

Broke up trusts that were bad for the economy

Department of commerce and labor

Investigates process of trusts and to allow “good” trusts to remain and bad trusts to be eradicated

What did Roosevelt do in the Coal Strike (1902)?

He didn’t side with the company, he demanded better working conditions

Conservationist

Believed in wilderness lands and their resources should be protected

What did Roosevelt do as a conservationist?

Set aside land for national parks, wildlife refuges and monuments (eg. Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Mount Olympus)

What was Roosevelts plan for reforms called?

Square deal

Which President used the power of the office and its inherent ability to be heard by the entire country as a “Bully Pulpit”?

Roosevelt

Which Book’s publication led to the creation of the Meat Inspection Act?

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Election of 1912 (Candidates)

Taft(republican), Roosevelt(progressive), Wilson(democrat)

Outcome of the Election of 1912

Wilson wins with 41% as Roosevelt and Taft split Republican vote

Woodrow Wilson

Carried Progressive policies

They were called “New freedom”

What did they not do?

Fight for civil rights for African Americans

Clayton Anti-trust Act

Sought to strengthen Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Prohibited companies acquiring another companies’ stock. Strikes were were legal, as long as they were peaceful.

Federal Trade commission (FTC)

Investigate violation of regulations

Require reports from corporations

End unfair business practices

New Tax System

Wanted to lower tariffs, government needed income, so Income tax (16th Amendment)

16th Amendment

Made income tax so government could make money. It was a graduated federal income tax.

Federal Reserve (1913)

Strengthen the way banks were run and adjusted money supply.

In order to ensure fair competition amongst businesses, which government did Wilson help create?

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

What system was created under Wilson to regulate and oversee banks?

Federal Reserve

To recover tax revenue, lost by reduced tariffs, Which amendment was added to the constitution and what did this amendment do?

16th amendment: Creation of federal income tax

What was the name of Wilson’s progressive ideas?

New Freedom

What bill did Taft support that led to the loss of support from progressives?

Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act

Booker T. Washington

Founded Tuskegee institute in Alabama

W.E.B Du Bois

Wanted Black students to study liberal arts and become political leaders

What did Booker T. Washington do?

He taught students skills and trades to push for economic equality

What did Du Bois do?

Take pride in both African and American heritage

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

What act civil rights act did Wilson refuse to sign and what was his reasoning behind it?

Anti-Lynching Act: He felt it was for the states to decide

What did Wilson do to the capitol building and what kind of people did he appoint to his cabinet?

U.S Capitol became segregated again and he appointed segregationists to government positions.

What was one of the most ignored areas of social and political reform of the progressives.

segregation and discrimination: Civil Rights

Which progressive era civil rights leader believed in advancing civil rights by economic advancement only?

Booker T. Washington

Which progressive era civil rights leader believed in political activism and education as the means to obtaining civil rights?

W.E.B Du Bois