Macromolecules

A set of flashcards summarizing key concepts related to macromolecules, their structures, types, and functions in biological processes.

Macromolecule

A large molecule made up of smaller subunits known as monomers.

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction that links monomers together by removing water, forming polymers.

Hydrolysis

A reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water.

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates, serving as the building blocks for more complex sugars.

Polysaccharides

Large molecules formed from chains of monosaccharides; used for energy storage and structural support.

Amino Acids

Organic compounds that serve as the monomers for proteins, characterized by a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and R group.

Nucleic Acids

Biological macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information; DNA and RNA.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a 1:2:1 ratio; used for energy and structural purposes.

Lipids

Hydrophobic organic molecules, including fats and oils, used for long-term energy storage.

Protein Structure

Refers to the four levels (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) that determine a protein's 3D shape and functions.