the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
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attribution theory
the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
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fundamental attribution error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
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foot-in-the-door
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
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role
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
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cognitive dissonance theory
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. Reduce dissonance by changing our attitudes
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conformity
adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
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normative social influence
influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
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informational social influence
influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others opinions about reality
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social facilitation
improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others
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social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
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deindividuation
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
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groupthink
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
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altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
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bystander effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
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social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
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reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
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social responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those needing their help
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mirror image perceptions
mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
Studied by 7 people
