Neuroscience Perception/cognition

Perception

The ability to interpret and integrate various modes of sensory information into a cohesive whole to form human experience.

Sensory Modes

Includes olfaction, gustation, tactile, auditory, and visual systems.

Sensory perception

Involves the posterior multimodal association area located in the posterior aspect of the cerebral cortex.

Motor Perception

Involves the anterior multimodal association area and the prefrontal cortex, serving as a storage area for motor plans.

Motor Planning

The process of making a decision on a motor plan to use and accessing the appropriate motor plan.

Ideational Praxis

The ability to cognitively understand the demands of a motor task and select a motor plan.

Ideomotor Planning 1

Knowing how to implement the chosen motor plan.

Ideomotor Planning 2

Actually implementing the motor plan.

Perception of emotional experience

Involves the limbic multimodal association area, linking sensory information with emotions and motivations.

Perceptual Impairments

Often caused by dysfunction of the right hemisphere, involving distortion of physical reality and one’s relationship to it.

Language Perception

Specifically affected by aphasia, which impacts language processing and expression.

Cognition

Mental processing that starts in the frontal lobe, involving hierarchical processing.

Orientation

Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place, and situation.

Categorization

The ability to group objects, ideas, or events based on common characteristics.

Sequencing

Arranging things in a specific order or following steps in a process.

Organization

Arranging items or thoughts in a structured manner for efficiency.

Planning

Making a strategy to achieve a goal.

Problem Solving

Finding solutions to challenges or obstacles.

Self-Regulation

Managing and controlling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.

Inhibition

The ability to suppress inappropriate or impulsive behaviors.

Initiation of activity

The ability to begin or stop an activity at the appropriate time.

New Learning

The ability to acquire new knowledge or skills.

Generalization of Learning

Applying learned knowledge to new situations.

Direction Following

The ability to follow verbal or written instructions.

Abstraction

Thinking about concepts not physically present or visible.

Awareness and Insight

Understanding one's thoughts and how they impact others.

Judgment

Making reasonable decisions based on available information.

Metacognition

Thinking about and reflecting on one's own thinking processes.

Delayed Gratification

Resisting immediate rewards for a later, greater reward.

Motivation and Drive

Inner desire and determination to achieve goals.

Mental Flexibility

The ability to adapt to changing or unexpected situations.