Social Studies Second Quarter

Globalization

interdependence of global economy where ppl have more liberty to trade

Globalization stages

• accdng to Thomas Friedman in book “The World is Flat” there are 3 stages

• 1.0, 2.0, 3.0

Globalization 1.0

• 15th-19th century

• driven by Mercantilism economic system

• world went form size large → size medium

• ppl discovered sailing west → asia

Mercantilism

• govs used their economies to augment state power at expense of other countries

• exports>imports

Globalization 2.0

• world size medium → size small

• Creation of state owned companies → brought products from Asia and Europe.

• Internationalization of transportation, communication, commerce, and science.

• Formation of humanitarian transnational organizations

Globalization 3.0

• world size small → tiny

• Developed in 2000 w/ the global fiber-optic network (internet)

• World economy not driven by state companies but by individuals

• modern technology used

DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

• ECONOMIC

• ethical

• cultural

• POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

• Economic interaction of world market allows international trade and free market economy

• Economic agreements create a global business environment

ethical

• Widening gap of rich and poor main reason for opposition of some to globalization

• Disregard of labor and environmental issues by international organizations

cultural

• interconnectedness of diff ppl representing varied cultures encourages understanding and respect

• Wide knowledge of cultural practices(language of diff countries and regions) facilitates economic transactions

POLITICAL

• minimal intervention of state in economic activities

• encompasses deregulation and free markets where gov has minimal control

globalization summary

• globalization development divided into 3 stages

• first stage: European countries seeking fortune and wealth by travelling to unexplored lands

• later stages: rapid development of transportation and communication

Political dynasty

• succession of political leaders from same family/clan

• powerful clans that’ve established and maintained predominance in the political affairs of a given territory

• situation wherein members of same family are occupy elected positions (in sequence for same position, or simultaneously across diff ones)

Political dynasty historical bg

datu - aka chieftain, head of the balangay/barangay in pre-Hispanic period, position given to son of existing datu w/ required qualities of wealth, health, and wisdom

Article 2 Section 26 of the Constitution

provision on dynasty says that the state shall guarantee = access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law

Asian Institute of Management

says that PH politics dominated by 178 families that govern an estimated population of 102,467,483 (2016)

Profile OF POLITICAL DYNASTIES IN THE PH

• TRADITIONAL KINSHIP NETWORK

• POLITICAL MACHINERIES

• WEAK POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEM

• ABUSE OF FILIPINO VOTERS

TRADITIONAL KINSHIP NETWORK

• Politics is seen as an enterprise.

• Local positions held by same family/clan

• Vertical movement of political dynasties

• Loyalty reinforces dynasty building

POLITICAL MACHINERIES

• Loyalty secured once financial resources available to maintain and sponsor campaign

• Networking w/ powerful families serves as the bloodline for dynasties

• Posters, jingles, campaign commercials, flyers are result of successful networking

WEAK POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEM

• Switching political parties also abt networking.

• Politicians normally switch to party w/ bigger “machinery” that aids to political preservation

ABUSE OF FILIPINO VOTERS

• Voters in far-flung provinces don’t have opportunity to choose qualified candidates

• helpless situation of the ppl, esp in poor areas becomes an opportunity for dynasties to take advantage of

2 types of dynasty

• thin dynasty

• fat dynasty

thin dynasty

• INTERGENERATIONAL

• 2 MEMBERS OF POLITICAL CLAN HOLD POSITIONS IN SUCCESSION

• vertical expansion

• EX: OUTGOING MAYOR RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR OCCUPIED BY FATHER

fat dynasty

• HORIZONTAL EXPANSION DYNASTY.

• CLAN HOLDS SEVERAL POSITIONS.

• MONOPOLY OF POWER.

• SELF INTEREST.

• DIFFICULT CHECKS AND BALANCES OF POWER

fat dynasty stats 2004-2019

• Governor - 57%→80%

• Vice Governor - 54%→68%

• Congressman - 48%→67%

• Mayor - 40%→53%

• Vice Mayor - 28%→39%

province fat dynasty stats (2 or more fam members elected)

1. maguindanao 51%

2. pampanga 49%

3. bulacan 45%

4. davao occidental 41%

5. isabela 41%

6. sulu 40%

pres and vp qualifications

• natural born ph citizen

• registered voter

• can read and write

• at least 40yo on election day

• ph resident atleast 10yrs immediately b4 election

senator qualifications

• natural born ph citizen

• registered voter

• can read and write

• at least 35yo on election day

• ph resident atleast 2yrs immediately b4 election

congressman (district rep) qualifications

• natural born ph citizen

• registered voter in district they’re running for

• can read and write

• at least 25yo on election day

• ph resident atleast 1yr immediately b4 election

Ph Party-List rep (Sectoral rep)

• natural born ph citizen

• can read and write

• registered voter

• ph resident atleast 1yr immediately b4 election

• bona fide member of the sector he seeks to rep (must belong to respective sectors, or have track record of advocacy for their respective sectors)

• at least 25yo on election day (in case of youth sectoral rep, at least 25 yrs and not more than 30 yrs old at election day)

ph local officials

• ph citizen

• registered voter in the constituency in the locality

• can read and write Filipino or any other local language or dialect

• at least 23yo on election day (Governor, Vice-Governor, member of sangguniang panlalawigan, mayor, vice-mayor, sangguniang panglungsod in highly urbanized cities)

  • at least 21yo on election day for officials in component cities

    and municipalities

  • at least 18yo for members of the sangguniang panglungsod, sangguniang bayan and sangguniang barangay and punong barangay

  • atleast 15yo and not more than 21yo for Sangguniang kabataan.

• ph resident atleast 2yrs immediately b4 election

PSA 2019

2.3 Million OFWs

Qualities of a Filipino Worker

• Competent

• Team Player

• Adaptable

• Fast Learners

• Industrious

• Family-Oriented

• Warm and Friendly

2022 Occupational Wages Survey

stats of highest paying occupations

Philippine employment classifications

• Employed

• At Work

• With a Job or Business but Not at Work

• Industry

• Labor Force

• Underemployed (Visibly and Invisibly)

• Unemployed

Employed

ppl in the labor force

At Work

ppl who did some work

With a Job or Business but Not at Work

ppl w/ job'/business but not at work due to reason

Industry

nature of work/business

Labor Force

population of ppl age 15+ part of production of goods and services

Underemployed

employed ppl who desire additional work hrs

Underemployed Visibly

employed ppl who worked less than 40 hrs

Underemployed Invisibly

employed ppl who desire additional work

Unemployed

age 15+ who’re w/o, seeking, and available for work

Philippine employment (2018)

• Top 56 in Economic Performance

• Employment Rate 94.9

• Unemployment Rate 5.1

• Underemployment Rate 13.3

• Labor Force Participation Rate 60.6

Minimum Wage

• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

• National Wages and Productivity Commission (NWPC) - made in 1989 in response to Wage Rationalization Act

NCR

• NCR-25

• P645

• July 17, 2024

• basic median pay P16,861

CAR

• CAR-22

• P450

• Dec 5, 2023

• basic median pay P13,281

Region III

• RBIII-25

• P550

• Oct 17, 2024

• basic median pay P13,185

ph median basic pay

P14,588

references for min wage determination

• 1987 ph constitution

• Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended and renumbered

• Republic act no. 6727

• NWPC guidelines No. 03, Series of 2020*

• NWPC resolution No. 05, Series of 2024*

• supreme court decisions/jurisprudence

• other prevailing rules and regulations

Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended and renumbered

Labor code of the ph

Republic act no. 6727

wage rationalization act of 1989

NWPC guidelines No. 03, Series of 2020*

omnibus rules on min wage determination

NWPC resolution No. 05, Series of 2024*

amendments to rule IV of the omnibus rules

UNEMPLOYMENT

• Education Mismatch

• Frictional Unemployment

• Number of Graduates

• Implications of Unemployment

Education Mismatch

equated to relevance of degree programs offered in country vs needs of the labor market

Frictional Unemployment

period when job seeker in search of stable job or is in-between jobs

Number of Graduates

• Increased graduates but lacks suitable jobs

• Ex: Underemployment of nurses

Implications of Unemployment

standard of living, decrease in purchasing power, demand, and supply

UNEMPLOYMENT SOLUTIONS

1. Equal economic opportunities in rural and urban areas.

2. Link between education and employment.

3. Government support for business

4. Education as a socially relevant institution.

5. Labor market information system

DOLE

• formulates and implements policies and programs in the service of the Filipino workers

• Labor Code

• ENDO

Labor Code

• effective November 1, 1974

• state shall afford the protection to labor, promote full employment, ensure = work opportunities and regulate relations between workers and employers

ENDO

• End of Contract

• system of terminating employment of workers

• Under PH Law employees are regularized after 6 months

CONTRACTUALIZATION

• Duterte wanted to abolish endo b4 elected as pres but vetoes anti-endo bill after election

• temporary employment lasting less than 6 months/not exceeding 5 months