Individual Differences and Personality

What are Individual Differences

stable and enduring psychological features over time and across situations

What are the types of Individual Differences

1.Intelligence

2.Core Self Evaluations

3. Demographics

4. Culture

What is the most powerful predictor of job performance?

General mental ability (IQ)

What is Emotional Intelligence

Understanding other's emotions and how they respond to our emotions

What are core self-evaluations?

Fundamental beliefs about one's own abilities and control

What components make up core self evaluations

1.Self-esteem

2.Self-efficacy

3.locus of control.

What is self esteem

The degree to which a person has an overall positive feeling about themselves.

What is self-efficacy?

The belief that one can perform a specific task successfully

What is a Locus of Control

Degree to which people feel accountable for their own behavior and outcomes

What is a Internal Locus of Control?

I control my own destiny and what happens to me is my doing

What is a External Locus of Control?

what happens is due to other people, situational factors, or luck

Which one yield higher job performance? Internal or External Locus

Internal Locus

What factors make up demographics in Diversity?

Gender, race/ethnicity, age, etc.

What characteristics make up Culture?

1. Individualism/ Collectivism

2. Power Distance

3. Uncertainty Avoidance

What is personality?

the relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, OCEAN.

What does high openness indicate in personality?

A person is curious, original, intellectual, and open to new ideas.

What does high conscientiousness indicate in personality?

A person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented, and dependable.

What does high extraversion indicate in personality?

A person is outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoys being in social situations.

What does high agreeableness indicate in personality?

A person is nice, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm.

What does high neuroticism indicate in personality?

A person is anxious, irritable, temperamental, or moody.

What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

A personality assessment tool that categorizes individuals into personality types based on preferences in four dimensions.

What is a significant criticism of the MBTI?

It lacks validity and reliability

How does the Big Five relate to job performance?

Conscientiousness is the best predictor of job performance, while openness has the least predictive value.

What is self monitoring?

Extent to which people are capable of adapting their actions and appearance across situations

What does high self monitoring mean

you tend to understand situation demands and modify behavior accordingly, but you may be more stressed

What does low self monitoring mean

they tend to act the way they feel across a a variety of situations

What is a proactive personality

Inclination to fix what is perceived to be wrong, change the status quo, ad take initiative to solve problems

What does a positive affective person thinking?

positive mood more frequently "Glass half full"

What does a negative affective person thinking?

Experience negative moods more frequently "glass half empty"

What is the significance of understanding personality in organizations?

It provides insights into career choices, job satisfaction, stress handling, and leadership effectiveness.

What are the key takeaways regarding individual differences?

1.Accurately assessing individual differences is an important selection tool

2.Big Five has the most empirical data to support how personalities work

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