Anatomy and Physiology I - Bone Tissue and The Skeletal System

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on Bone Tissue and The Skeletal System, enhancing understanding and retention in preparation for exams.

What are the main components of the skeletal system?

bones, cartilage, and joints.

How many bones are typically found in the adult human body?

206

What type of tissue is bone also called?

osseous tissue.

What type of cartilage is found in synovial joints?

Hyaline cartilage

What are the categories of bones?

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Forming new bone.

What is hematopoiesis?

Blood cell production

What distinguishes compact bone from spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bone, while spongy bone has a lattice-like structure and is found mainly at the ends of long bones.

What is the epiphyseal plate?

a layer of hyaline cartilage in a growing bone that eventually gets replaced by osseous tissue.

What role does vitamin D play in bone health?

absorption of calcium from the digestive tract, supporting bone mineralization.

What is osteoporosis?

a disease characterized by decreased bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation.

What occurs in intramembranous ossification?

direct formation of bone from mesenchymal cells without a cartilage model.

What is the role of parathyroid hormone in bone health?

stimulates osteoclast activity, increasing bone resorption and releasing calcium into the bloodstream.

How do long bones receive blood

through arteries that pass through the compact bone and nutrient foramina.

How does mechanical stress affect bone tissue?

deposits of calcium and collagen fibers are stimulated and help to rebuild and strengthen bone

What are sesamoid bones?

small, round bones typically found embedded in tendons, such as the patella.