Homeostasis

Flame cells

________ are responsible for filtering waste products and regulating the osmotic balance of the body.

Ammonia

________ is produced in the liver when excess amino acids are broken down.

Metanephridia

________ is composed of a much more complex structure compared to protonephridia.

Urea

________ is less toxic than ammonia and requires more energy to produce.

excretory system

The ________ also helps the flatworms to conserve valuable ions that may be lost through waste excretion.

renal corpuscle

The ________ is the initial part of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

medullary collecting duct

The ________, on the other hand, is responsible for concentrating urine by reabsorbing more water from the filtrate.

Protonephridia

________ is composed of a network of tubules called flame cells, which are also called solenocytes.

amino acids

This filtrate contains waste products that need to be eliminated from the body, as well as valuable substances such as glucose and ________ that need to be reabsorbed.

sodium

The cortical collecting duct is responsible for reabsorbing ions such as ________, potassium, and chloride, as well as water.

electrolytes

It is responsible for fine- tuning the concentration of ________, fluids, and pH in the urine.

DCT

The ________ is also influenced by hormones such as aldosterone and parathyroid hormone.

Uric acid

________ is the least toxic but requires the most energy to produce and the most water to excrete in its diluted form.

nephron

A(n) ________ is the functional unit of the kidney.

U shaped tubule

It is a(n) ________ that consists of a thin descending limb and a thick ascending limb.

Loop of Henle

The ________ is an important structure found in the nephron of the kidney.

Parathyroid hormone

________ promotes calcium reabsorption in the DCT, helping to maintain calcium balance in the body.

energy

The ________ used to transport sodium and chloride ions is obtained from the pumping of ATP.

tubule

Each ________ is composed of a single flagellum that helps move the excreted waste out of the body.

glomerulus

The ________ is a network of capillaries that are highly permeable, allowing for the filtration of blood.

countercurrent multiplier system

The ________ is a unique property of the loop of Henle, which helps to create the osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid around the loop.

small molecules

The high pressure of blood in the glomerulus, as well as the highly permeable capillaries, allow for the filtration of water, ions, and ________.

series of nephridia

It is composed of a(n) ________ (tubules), each consisting of an open funnel and a tube.

Urea

________ is less toxic than ammonia but requires more energy to produce and more water to excrete.

Ammonia

________ is the most toxic of the three wastes because it is highly soluble in water and can easily diffuse across cell membranes.

Metanephridia

________ is involved in osmoregulation as well, filtering excess water and nitrogenous waste from the body.

protonephridia

The tubules in ________ are connected to a larger collecting duct, which discharges waste products outside the body.

renal corpuscle

Together, the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule form the ________, which plays a central role in the complex process of kidney function.

Uric acid

________ is the least toxic of the three wastes but requires the most energy to produce.

loop of Henle

The ________ is the third region, which consists of a descending and ascending limb.

DCT

The ________ is lined with epithelial cells, which have two types of cells: principal cells and intercalated cells.

physiology of the kidney

The ________ involves several processes that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body.

Urea

________ is then secreted into the bloodstream and transported to the kidneys for excretion.

renal corpuscle

The glomerulus is a network of small blood vessels, known as capillaries, that are responsible for filtering the blood that passes through the ________.

Protonephridia

________ and Metanephridia are two types of excretory systems found in different organisms.

uric acid

Unlike ammonia and urea, ________ can be excreted by some animals in the form of a paste or solid that requires no water.

Protonephridia

________ is found in flatworms and some other invertebrates, while Metanephridia is found in annelids and other segmented worms.

renal corpuscle

The ________ is comprised of two parts: the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule.

Uric acid

________ is not very soluble in water, so it is excreted in the form of crystals.

protonephridia

While ________ is found in flatworms and other invertebrates and is responsible for filtering excess water and waste, metanephridia is a more complex structure found in annelids and some other segmented worms, responsible for filtering waste products from blood as well as the body's extracellular fluid.

It is made up of two main structures

the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

The renal corpuscle is comprised of two parts

the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule

The basic anatomy of the kidney includes three main structures

the renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis

It is primarily composed of two structures

the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule

The PCT consists mainly of two types of cells

principal cells, which are responsible for reabsorption, and intercalated cells, responsible for secretion

The DCT is lined with epithelial cells, which have two types of cells

principal cells and intercalated cells

It is located in the medulla of the kidney and is divided into two types

cortical collecting duct and medullary collecting duct

It has two types of cells

principal cells and intercalated cells