basic human nutrition chapter 11

Only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment

Iron

True or false? Sulfur is essential for the activity of several enzymes in the human body

True

Osteoblast

Build bone tissue

Osteoclast

Break down bone tissue

True or false? Copper and zinc play key roles in transmission of nerve impulses

False

Sulfur is a component of which amino acids?

Methionine and cysteine

Primary anion found in extracellular fluid

Chloride

Chloride is involved in all except?

Regulation of fluid balance

Transmission of nerve impulses

Production of stomach acid

Energy metabolism

Energy metabolism

How much magnesium do healthy adults absorb from diet?

40 to 60 percent

Magnesium is involved in all except?

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Formation of red blood cells

Contraction and relaxation of muscles

Synthesis of DNA and protein

Formation of red blood cells

Which is NOT associated with hypokalemia?

Loss of appetite

Muscle cramps

Constipation

None pain

Bone pain

What is a nutrient of public health concern according to 2020-2025 dietary guidelines for Americans?

Potassium

Mineral that's the primary positively charged ion in intracellular fluid

Potassium

Potassium is involved in all except?

Contraction and relaxation of muscles

Transmission of nerve impulses

Cellular metabolism

Fluid balance

Cellular metabolism

Potassium

Helps body maintain normal fluid balance

An adult has hypertension stage 2 if their BP levels are greater than or equal to?

Systolic - greater than or equal to 140

Diastolic - greater than or equal to 90

In USA, about one in how many adults has hypertension?

One in three

For adults under 51, the adequate intake for sodium daily is?

1500 mg

Which contains the least phosphorus?

Strawberries

Chicken

Ricotta

Tofu

Strawberries

Which contains most phosphorus

Cottage cheese

Hummus

Cheddar cheese

Tuna

Cottage cheese

Phosphorus is involved in all except

Regulation of acid base balance

Transmission of nerve impulses

Activation of enzymes and hormones necessary for energy metabolism

Synthesis of DNA and RNA

Transmission of nerve impulses

To obtain approximately the same amount of calcium that is in 8 fl oz of low fat milk, a person would need to consume…

1 and ½ cups cooked kale

All are results of calcitonin being secreted from thyroid gland except

Stimulation of vitamin d activity

Increased osteoblast activity

Decreased calcium retention in kidneys

Decreased calcium absorption in small intestine

Stimulation of vitamin d activity

Calcitonin

Is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high

Parathyroid hormone…

Enhances body's ability to retain calcium

Selenium

Important as part of an antioxidant defense system

May have physiological role, but more research is necessary to determine whether it's essential

Boron

Renin is secreted from kidneys in response to…

Low blood volume and falling blood pressure

Alodosterone

Signals kidneys to conserve sodium

Alodosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary…

Water excretion

Water conservation

Sodium elimination

Iron metabolism

Water conservation

Which isn't directly involved in maintaining fluid balance?

Lungs

Kidneys

Skin

Thyroid gland

Thyroid

Movement of water through selectively permeable membrane

Osmosis

Sodium and choride

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on extracellular concentration of what ions?