KYH AP Psych Study cards #1 (Ethics)

What must participation in a study be?

Voluntary and informed in advance about the general nature of the research and any potential risk.

What is informed consent?

Participants have the right to refuse participation or withdraw at any time, and researchers must not prevent this.

What must researchers protect participants from?

Physical and mental harm at all times, including possible negative long-term consequences.

Under what circumstances can studies involving harm be conducted?

Only with the informed consent of the participant(s).

What is anonymity in research?

Keeping personal data confidential so it cannot lead back to the participants.

What is debriefing?

Participants have the right to receive a complete explanation of the research at the end of the study.

What must participants be informed about if deception is used in research?

They must be informed that a degree of deception is necessary and kept to a minimum.

What is the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

To provide ethical and regulatory oversight of research involving human subjects.

What is data fabrication?

A serious violation of ethical standards where psychologists may lose their license if they fabricate data.

What is plagiarism in research?

It is unethical to present parts of another's work or data as one's own.

What should authorship on a publication reflect?

The relative contributions of all the authors.

What should researchers do with requests to share raw data?

They should satisfy requests from independent researchers to share data used to derive conclusions.

What are social implications of reporting scientific results?

Researchers must consider the potential effects of their conclusions on the scientific community and society.

What is sensitive personal information in research?

It refers to how the results of the study are conveyed to individual participants.

What can genetic research reveal about individuals?

It can sometimes lead to revealing private information about family members.

What may studies related to mental disorders reveal?

They may reveal the presence of an illness that was previously unknown.

What are the care requirements for animals used in research?

Animals must have clean housing, adequate ventilation, appropriate food, and be well-cared for.

Why is animal research conducted?

It allows for easier control over experiments and can apply data from animal studies to humans.

What ethical considerations are there in reporting results?

Researchers must correct errors in published results and avoid data fabrication and plagiarism.

What is the importance of confidentiality in research?

Personal data must be kept confidential to protect participants' identities.

What is the ethical responsibility regarding the handling of sensitive information?

Researchers must convey results carefully, especially regarding mental disorders and genetic information.