Studied by 2 peopleanion
a negatively charged ion
atom
an extremely small particle of matter that retains its identity during chemical reactions
atomic mass unit
a mass unit equal to exactly one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
atomic symbol
a one- or two-letter notation used to represent an atom corresponding to a particular element
atomic theory
an explanation of the structure of matter in terms of different combinations of very small particles
binary compound
a compound composed of only two elements
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed in the overall reaction
cation
a positively charged ion
chemical equation
the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in terms of chemical formulas
chemical formula
a notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance
chemical nomenclature
the systematic naming of chemical compounds
compound
a type of matter composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
element
a type of matter composed of only one kind of atom
formula unit
the group of atoms or ions explicitly symbolized in the formula
fractional (isotopic) abundance
the fraction of the total number of atoms that is composed of a particular isotope
group
the elements in any one column of the periodic table
hydrate
a compound that contains water molecules weakly bound in its crystals
hydrocarbons
compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen
inorganic compounds
compounds composed of elements other than carbon
ion
an electrically charged particle obtained from an atom or a chemically bonded group of atoms by adding or removing electrons
ionic compound
a compound composed of cations and anions
isotopes
atoms whose nuclei have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
law of multiple proportions
when two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element in these compounds for a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers
mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
metalloid
an element having both metallic and nonmetallic properties
molecular formula
a chemical formula that gives the exact number of different atoms of an element in a molecule
molecule
a definite group of atoms that are chemically bonded together
monoatomic ion
an ion formed from a single atom
monomer
the small molecules that are linked together to form a polymer
nonmetal
an element that does not exhibit the characteristics of a metal
nucleus
the atom’s central core where the mass of the atom is concentrated
nuclide
a particular atom characterized by a definite atomic number and mass number
organic compounds
compounds that contain carbon combined with other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
oxoacid
an acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element (often called the central element)
period
the elements in any one horizontal row of the periodic table
periodic table
a tabular arrangement of elements in rows and columns, highlighting the regular repetition of properties of the elements
polyatomic ion
an ion consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together and carrying a net electric charge
polymer
a very large molecule made up of a number of smaller molecules repeatedly linked together
product
a substance that results from a chemical reaction
reactant
a starting substance in a chemical reaction
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Flashcard (30)