Neurons

What does brain structure refer to?

The physical parts of the brain, including tissues, connections, and different regions.

What activities does brain function include?

Sensory processing, movement, emotions, and thinking (memory, attention, reasoning).

What are neurons?

Cells that carry messages in the nervous system and communicate with other neurons, muscles, and glands.

What is the function of the cell body (soma) of a neuron?

Contains the nucleus and controls the neuron.

What do dendrites do?

Receive signals from other neurons.

What is the role of the axon?

Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body.

What do axon terminals release?

Neurotransmitters.

What is a synapse?

The gap between neurons where signals pass.

What is the myelin sheath?

A fatty covering around the axon.

What are the functions of the myelin sheath?

Acts as an insulator, protects the neuron, and increases the speed of nerve impulses.

What do sensory neurons do?

Carry information from sensory organs to the CNS.

Give an example of sensory neurons in action.

Detecting light or heat.

What do motor neurons do?

Carry messages from the CNS to muscles and organs.

Provide an example of motor neuron action.

Closing your eyes.

What do interneurons connect?

Connect sensory and motor neurons.

Where are interneurons found?

In the CNS.

What is an important point regarding myelin sheaths and neuron types?

Sensory and motor neurons usually have a myelin sheath, while interneurons usually do not.

Why do interneurons not have a myelin sheath?

Because they work over short distances.