KIN 2509 Biology Flashcards: Infectious Diseases & Genetics

aden/o

gland

adip/o

fat

anter/

before/front

caud/o

lower part of body, tail

cephal/o

head

cyt/o, cyte

cell

end-, endo-

within, inside

exo-

out, outside, away from

hist/o

tissue

-ologist

specialist

-ology

study of, science

path/o, -pathy

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

plas/i, plas/o, -plasia

development, growth, formation

poster/o

behind, toward the back

-stasis, -static

control, maintenance of a constant level

Abdominal cavity

the body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

Adenectomy

surgical removal of a gland

Adenocarcinoma

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

Adenoma

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

Adenomalacia

abnormal softening of a gland

Adenosclerosis

abnormal hardening of a gland

Anaplasia

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Anatomy

The study of body structure

Anomaly

deviation from what is normal

Anterior

front of the body

Aplasia

the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue

Artresia

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

Bloodborne transmission

the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood

Caudal

toward the lower part of the body

Cephalic

toward the head

Chromosome

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

Communicable Disease

Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.

Congenital disorder

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

Cytoplasm

the material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

Distal

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

Dorsal

back of the organ or body

Dysplasia

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Endemic

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.

Endocrine Glands

glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Epidemic

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

Epigastric region

located above the stomach

Etiology

study of the cause of disease

Exocrine glands

glans that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body

Functional disorder

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

Genetic disorder

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Geriatrician

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

Hemophilia

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

histology

the study of the microscopic structure, composition, and function of tissues

Homeostasis

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Hyperplasia

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

Hypertrophy

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number of the cells in the tissues

hypogastric region

located below the stomach

hypoplasia

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

iatrogenic illness

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

idiopathic disorder

an illness without known cause

infectious disease

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

inguinal

groin; entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin

medial

toward the midline

mesentery

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

midsagittal plane

the vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves

nosocomial infection

hospital acquired infection

pandemic

worldwide epidemic

pelvic cavity

the space formed by the hip bones; contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

peritoneum

a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

phenylketonuria

a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

physiology

the study of the functions of body structures

posterior

situated in back or on the back part of an organ

proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

retroperitoneal

located behind the peritoneum

stem cells

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

transverse plane

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

umbilicus

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

vector-borne transmission

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector

ventral

belly side