Self-Concept and Sexuality in Nursing

What is self-concept?

A unique, dynamic, subjective, and evolving process that occurs throughout the lifespan, most flexible in early stages of human development.

How does self-concept differ from self-esteem?

Self-concept is how a person thinks about oneself, while self-esteem is how a person feels about oneself.

What factors can threaten self-concept and self-esteem?

Health problems can threaten both self-concept and self-esteem.

What is Erikson's theory of development?

A theory where each stage builds on the tasks of the previous stage, leading to a solid sense of self.

At what ages does self-esteem typically peak?

Self-esteem peaks between ages 60 and 70 years.

What are the 8 stages of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development?

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year)

2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years)

3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years)

4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years)

5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 19 years)

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20 to mid-40s)

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (mid-40s to mid-60s)

8. Integrity vs. Despair (mid-60s to death)

What influences the development of self-concept?

Parental influence, cultural influences, and experiences during school-age and adolescence.

What are some components of self-concept?

Identity stressors, body image stressors, role performance stressors, and self-esteem stressors.

What are some nursing assessment strategies for self-concept?

Direct questioning about self-concept, role performance, body image, and personal identity, along with observing patient behaviors.

What are common nursing diagnoses related to self-esteem?

Chronic Low Self-Esteem, Situational Low Self-Esteem, Disturbed Personal Identity, Ineffective Role Performance, Disturbed Body Image.

What does sexuality encompass?

All aspects of being sexual, including sexual identity and choice of intimate partners.

What is sexual health?

A state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality, not merely the absence of disease or dysfunction.

How does sexuality change with each stage of development?

Sexuality evolves from awareness of sex differences in infancy to increased sexual interest during puberty and adolescence.

What is sexual identity?

How one thinks about oneself sexually.

What is gender identity?

A person's private view of maleness and femaleness.

What is sexual orientation?

A person's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted.

What are some common sexuality stressors?

Reproductive health issues, LGBTQ+ stressors, sexual dysfunction, and concerns about physical attractiveness.

What are some nursing diagnoses related to sexual functioning?

Problematic Sexual Behavior, Difficulty Coping, Lack of Knowledge of Contraception, Impaired Sexual Functioning, Risk for Impaired Reproductive Function.

How do sociocultural factors influence sexuality?

Each cultural group has its own norms and values surrounding sexuality, impacting attitudes and behaviors.

What are some contraceptive methods?

Nonprescription methods include abstinence and barriers; prescription methods include hormonal contraception, IUDs, and sterilization.

What is the prevalence of STIs in the US?

20 million people in the US are diagnosed with an STI each year.

What is the significance of human papillomavirus (HPV)?

HPV can cause cervical cancer and is acquired by 50 to 75 percent of sexually active individuals.

What are the signs of sexual abuse in children?

Behavioral signs include physical aggression, sleep disturbances, poor peer relationships, and substance abuse.

What are some common emotional conflicts related to sexual health?

Patients may experience sexual dysfunction and emotional issues stemming from chronic diseases or psychological alterations.

What patient education should be provided regarding sexual health?

Teach breast and testicular self-examination, signs and symptoms of STIs, and safer sexual practices.