Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering natural products, carbohydrates, amino acids, and aromatic benzene derivatives.

Theophyllin, Theobromin, and Coffein

Naturally occurring methylxanthine alkaloid compounds.

Nucleobases (Guanin, Adenin, Cytosin, Thymin)

Nitrogenous bases that form the fundamental building blocks of nucleic acids.

Steroid Hormones (Estron, Estradiol, Testosteron, Androsteron)

Biologically active steroid hormones comprising estrogens (Estron, Estradiol) and androgens (Testosteron, Androsteron).

Nicotin and Cocain

Naturally occurring nitrogen-containing plant alkaloids with potent physiological effects.

Terpenes (Limonen, Menthol, Carvon)

Naturally occurring monoterpene natural products known for distinct fragrance and flavor properties.

D-Glucopyranose, D-Galactopyranose, and D-Mannopyranose

Six-membered cyclic ring (pyranose) stereoisomers of aldohexose sugars.

N-Acetylglucosamin (2-Acetamido-2-desoxy-D-glucopyranose)

An amino sugar derivative of glucose featuring an acetylated amino group at position 2.

Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C)

A monosaccharide derivative that acts as an essential antioxidant.

D-Ribofuranose and 2-Desoxy-D-ribofuranose

Five-membered ring (furanose) pentose forms present in RNA and DNA, which exist primarily as six-membered pyranose rings when free in solution.

Lactose (Milchzucker)

A disaccharide composed of $\beta\text{-D-Galactopyranose}$ and $\text{D-Glucopyranose}$.

Saccharose (Rohrzucker)

A disaccharide composed of $\text{α-D-Glucopyranose}$ and $\beta\text{-D-Fructofuranose}$.

Alanin (Ala, A)

A non-polar amino acid with three-letter code Ala and one-letter code A.

Arginin (Arg, R)

A basic amino acid with three-letter code Arg and one-letter code R.

Asparagin (Asn, N)

A polar uncharged amino acid with three-letter code Asn and one-letter code N.

Asparaginsäure (Asp, D)

An acidic amino acid with three-letter code Asp and one-letter code D.

Cystein (Cys, C)

A sulfur-containing thiol amino acid with three-letter code Cys and one-letter code C.

Glutamin (Gln, Q)

A polar amino acid with three-letter code Gln and one-letter code Q.

Glutaminsäure (Glu, E)

An acidic amino acid with three-letter code Glu and one-letter code E.

Glycin (Gly, G)

The simplest amino acid with three-letter code Gly and one-letter code G.

Histidin (His, H)

An aromatic basic amino acid with three-letter code His and one-letter code H.

Isoleucin (Ile, I)

A branched-chain non-polar amino acid with three-letter code Ile and one-letter code I.

Leucin (Leu, L)

A branched-chain non-polar amino acid with three-letter code Leu and one-letter code L.

Lysin (Lys, K)

A basic amino acid with three-letter code Lys and one-letter code K.

Methionin (Met, M)

A sulfur-containing non-polar amino acid with three-letter code Met and one-letter code M.

Phenylalanin (Phe, F)

An aromatic amino acid with three-letter code Phe and one-letter code F.

Prolin (Pro, P)

A cyclic amino acid with three-letter code Pro and one-letter code P.

Serin (Ser, S)

A hydroxyl-containing amino acid with three-letter code Ser and one-letter code S.

Threonin (Thr, T)

A hydroxyl-containing essential amino acid with three-letter code Thr and one-letter code T.

Tryptophan (Trp, W)

An aromatic amino acid containing an indole ring, with three-letter code Trp and one-letter code W.

Tyrosin (Tyr, Y)

An aromatic amino acid containing a phenolic ring, with three-letter code Tyr and one-letter code Y.

Valin (Val, V)

A branched-chain non-polar amino acid with three-letter code Val and one-letter code V.

Wichtige Benzolderivate (Aromaten)

A comprehensive compilation of key functionalized monocyclic, polycyclic, and heterocyclic benzene derivatives.

Toluol, p-Xylol, and m-Xylol

Methyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.

Anilin, Nitrobenzol, Phenol, Benzoesäure, and Phthalsäure

Monocyclic benzene derivatives functionalized with amino, nitro, hydroxyl, or carboxyl group substituents.

Paracetamol, Aspirin (Acetylsalicylsäure), and Salicylsäure

Aromatic pharmaceutical compounds used for analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Anisaldehyd, Vanillin, and Acetophenon

Aromatic carbonyl derivatives containing aldehyde or ketone groups along with ether/hydroxyl substituents.

Naphtalin, Anthracen, and Benzopyren

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons composed of fused benzene rings.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol (TNT) and Pikrinsäure

Polynitrated aromatic compounds historically used as high explosives.

Pentachlorphenol (PCP), 2,4,5-T, TCDD (Dioxin), and DDT

Polychlorinated aromatic compounds recognized as pesticides, herbicides, or persistent toxic environmental pollutants.

Pyridin, Chinolin, and Saccharin

Heterocyclic or cyclic aromatic structures containing nitrogen and sulfur heteratoms.