Music Midterm 2

Rousseau

Confessions

Bach

highly emotional music

Samuel Richardson

Pamela, personal intimacy, story through letters

Goethe

1770s German literary movement. Sturm-und-Drang genre. Gotz von Berlichingen, distant past, folk hero, loosley structured. The Sufferings of the Young Werther, personal emotion, subjective, impulsive creativity, nature as symbol for God; Faust, yearning perpetually for unreachable goal, supernatural, Romantic knowledge > intellectuallism, nature.

Kant

Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, Critique of Judgment; two levels of reality(phenoumenal, noumenal)l turn to inner self and transcendent realm

Beethoven

saw overthrow of ancien regime in youth, piano performer, new heroic style; freer form, emotion; Eroica, Moonlight Sonata

Schubert

lower class home, full time composer

vocal melody, single instrument, usually piano, short poem

music accompanies tone and progression of poem

Elfking, Carnaval character piece

Berlioz

Very radical

Symphonie Fantastique: saound effects, nontraditional harmony

Chopin

Poland to Paris, performer and teacher

different emotional precedents for song titles

Lizst

Vienna to Paris, piano

Transcendental Etudes

Blake

Supernatural, claimed visions

visual artist and poet

Wordsworth

Tintern Alley, nature has a spirit, emotional, plain speech

Coleridge

Kubla Khan, rational vs irrational, drug induced

Lord Byron

Childe Harold, exotic location, Byronic hero

Shelley

In Defense of Poetry, critizied social relig polit institutions, art for social change

Keats

apprenticed as surgeon and apothjecary, Ode to a Nightingale pondering human existence, nature>human

Goya

The Family of Charles IV, The Third of May 1808; social criticism; Spanish

Friedrich

Monk by the Sea, Abbey in an Oak Forest; German

Turner

English; nature power, Fisherman at Sea, Hannibal Crossing the Alps

Constable

English; nature as nurturing, Hay Wain, scientific research w feeling

Girodet Trioson

French; Entombment of Atala, neoclassicism + Romanticism

Ingres

Neoclassicism + Romanticism; Jupiter and Thetis

Gericault

French; started Romantic, then took on Neoclassicism; The Raft of Medusa

Delacroix

Scenes from Massacres at Chios, Death of Sardanapalus; unbalanced, cnfusing, scandalous

Cole

literature, painting; Hudson River School, The Oxbow

Emerson

created Transcendentalism; book Nature, God is nature, individualism self sufficiency

Thoreau

Walden, leave scoiety, self reliance, Transcendentalism practice, environment

Poe

Dark/Gothic Romantic; The Cask of Amontillado

Marx

The Communist Manifesto, Capital; driving force between any society is distribution of wealth, social and economic systems progress to max efficiency

Comte

System of Positive Psychology; superiority of scientific knowledge, Positivism

Haussman

Rebuilt Paris, tore down slums, modern lighting and plumbing

Courbet

Studied painting in Paris, The Stone Breakers, Burial at Ornans; unconventional subject non academic structure

Millet

Trained in Paris as a painter; peasant pictures; The Gleaners

Bonheur

Plowing in the Nivernais: The Dressing of Vines; contemporary themes, provincial scenes, farm animals

Messionier

The Campaign of France, heroic historical Napoleon, grand themes, detail an research, proper technique; contrast w Manet

Manet

Picnic on the Grass, crude brushwork, flat modernist, naked common woman, no space relation

Monet

impressionism; Bathers at the Grenoulliere, Bridge at Argenteuil

Renoir

Impressionist, more Rococo. Le Moulin de la Galette, The Bathers

Pisarro

Grew up in Caribbean moved to Paris; rural style to impressionistic; Hoarfrost, The Old Road to Ennery Pontoise

Degas

Modern urban impressionist

Renoir

More Rococo Impressionism, Le Moulin de la Galette, The Bathers

Pissarro

Grew up in Carribbean moved to Paris; rural style to impressionistic; Hoarfrost: The Old Road to Ennery Pontoise

Degas

Modern urban, not interested in light and outdoor

Morisot

Female painter; The Cradle, elevated, dignified domestic lifey

Renoir

More Rococo, young rich, Le Moulin de la Galette, The Bathers

Pissarro

Carribbean to Paris; Rural to impressionistic; Hoarfrost: The Road to Ennery Pontoise; care for nature

Degas

modern urban, not interested in light and outdoors

Morisot

Female painter; The Cradle; elevated dignity of womanhood

Cassatt

Female painter, inspired by Degas, asymmetrical randomly cropped; The Child’s Bath

Homer

Infl by Cole Hudson River School, studied abroad; illustrator for Civil War; Snap the Whip, The Life Line

Eakins

Philidelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; studied realism in Paris, Spain, intense science precision in art; The Biglin Brothers Turning at the Stake, The Gross Clinic

Dickens

Pickwick Papers

Flaubert

Father was surgeon; Madame Bovary, criticize Fr bourgeoisie

Baudelaire

Paris; laid foundation for future Modernism, wrote to convince artists to stop Romanticism; The Flowers of Evil, frank discussion of sex and human evil

Whitman

New York, editor and journalist; Leaves of Grass; got rid of Euro rules, street preacher meter, slang

Emily Dickenson

Massachusetts, introspective, Because I could not stop for death, There is a certain Slant of Light

Dostoyevsky

Radicalist group —> firing squad —> imprisoned —> soldier —> conservative; Notes from the Underground, Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov; lower class struggle, inner psychology

Tolstoy

Wealthy aristocratic family, army; War and Peace, Anna Karenina, The Death of Ivan Ilyich; outwards manifestation, meaningless of life

Wagner

no high level instrument; Paris, then assistant musical director, operas, joined liberal revolution; essays. Opera as revival of Greek tragedy to tell German people; single comprehensive work, unbroken flow between aria recitative; gran stories, The Ring of the Nibelungen

Verdi

Italian unification. Different from Wagner: everyday characters, highly emotional, contemporary, distinct sections of arias, duets, choruses; pretentoiusness of middle class

Brahams

Neoclassical, turn to classical artists eg Beethoven, concertos, short recognizable motifs; Intermezzo in A major for piano