105.3 Sculpture Skills

The 7 sculpting procedures

1. section

2. head position

3. part

4. distribute

5. project

6. finger / shear positiom

7. design line

workable

sectioning involves dividing the hair into ___ areas for the purpose of control

number & patterns

the ____ of sections and types of sectioning ___ depend on the type of hair sculpture being created

fall, texture, and direction

the head position directly influences the ___ of the hair which affects the ___ and ___ of the sculpted line

upright

• most natural, pure result

• allows to see natural fall of the hair + more clearly gage the design line and projector angle

forward

• products hair lengths that are slightly shorter in the nape and longer surface lengths

• slightly under beveled effect

• used when refining form lines or sculpting the nape area very shortly

tilted

• tilted to either side to refine form lines

• may tilt side to side in order to refine the hairline at the ear and side burn area or to refine the form line on the sides of the head

separate, distribute, and control

partings are lines that subdivide sections of hair in order to ___, ____ and ____ the hair while sculpting

6 common parting lines

1. horizontal lines

2. diagonal back

3. diagonal forward

4. vertical lines

5. concave

6. convex

inward

concave lines curve ___ like the inside of a sphere

outward

convex lines curve ___ like the outside of a sphere

natural

• direction of the hair assumes as it falls naturally due to gravity

• used from horizontal and diagonal partings

• primarily used to create solid form

perpendicular

• hair is combed at 90° angle from its base parting

• used from horizontal, diagonal, and vertical partings

• primarily used to sculpt graduates and layered forms

shifted

• hair is combed out at natural distribution in any direction except perpendicular to its base parting

• generally used for exaggerated length increase and blending within form

directional

• hair is distributed straight up, straight out, or straight back from the curve of the head

• results in length increases due to the curve of the head

• used in planar sculpting technique

planar sculpting

a technique in which the hair is sculpted along horizontal and vertical planes

most common projection angles in hair sculpting

low, medium and high

solid form

0° projection or natural fall; neither lofted away nor moved toward the scalp

graduated form

• most common projection angle is 45°

• the higher the projection the greater the amount of graduated texture

increase-layered form

• a 0° , 45° or 90° projection angle is used

• projection angle of the start design line is most important because it establishes where all lengths converge

uniformly layered form

• projection angle used is 90° from the curve of the head

• also called normal projection

finger / shear position

refers to the position of the fingers and shears relative to the base parting

parallel

fingers are positioned at an equal distance away from the parting

nonparallel

fingers are positioned unequally away from the parting

pattern & length

a design line is the artistic ___ or ___ guide used while sculpting

stationary design line

• a constant, stable guide to which all lengths are directed

• uses for progression of lengths in opposite direction

• uses to sculpt solid and increase-layered forms and to achieve weight area in graduated forms

mobile design line

• a moveable guide; sometimes called a traveling guide

• small amount of previously sculpted hair used as a length guide to sculpt subsequent partings

• used to sculpt graduated and layered forms and square combination forms

cross checking

the final stage in sculpting in which balance and accuracy of the sculpture is checked by using the line opposite the original pattern

widows peak

prominent hair grown latter that forms from a point at the front hairline and curves to one side

• leave the fringe area longer to avoid a spike up effect with the hair sticking straight up

cowlick

characterized by a strong growth pattern that moves to the right or left; usually found in front hairline or crown for straight or wavy hair

• sculpt the hair following the same direction it naturally grows or falls

• allow additional length in this area to avoid spiking

whorl

strong circular directional growth on either side of nape or crown

• allow additional length so the hair will remain flat or sculpt the hair very close to the scalp to avoid spiking

fringe

the hair that partially or completely covers the forehead in a hair design

nape

the hair that covers the area at the back of the neck

shrinkage

the key factor to consider when sculpting curly hair

tension

when sculpting curly hair wet or damp, using a wide tooth comb will help control lengths with less ___

free - hand technique

the ideal way to sculpt clients with coily hair who wear their hair natural

sectioning

the term used to describe the hair into workable areas for control

highest point

the apex refers to which part of the head

density

when performing a hair sculpture, what determines the size of the parting

d. perpendicular

what type of distribution results in a 90° angle from its base parting

b. projection

what term also known as elevation, is the angle at which the hair is held in relation to the curve of the head prior to sculpting

0° - 30°

what angles are considered to represent low projection (elevation)

build weight

projecting the hair below 90° would

medium

an angle of 45° would be considered what type of projection

b. graduated

what type of fork would result from using a 45° projection

d. 90°

the projection angle used to create the arrangement of hair lengths that are the same through the head

equal distance away from the parting

with parallel finger and shear position, the fingers are positioned

c. mobile

a design line that is used as a length guide for sculpting uniformly layered forms is referred to as

d. cross checking

the technique uses to check the accuracy of a hair sculpted by using the opposite parting pattern

inconsistent damp

when sculpting curly hair, results may be less accurate if the hair is