Ideal Gas Law

atomic mass scale

To facilitate comparison of the mass of one atom with another

symbol u

atomic mass unit

carbon-12

The reference element is chosen to be the most abundant type or isotope of carbon

Mole

contains as many particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of the isotope carbon-12.

Avogadro’s number, N A

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 mol−𝟏

Ideal Gas

idealized model for real gases that have sufficiently low densities.

low density

the molecules are so far apart that they do not interact except during (elastic) collisions.

ideal gas law

expresses the relationship between the absolute pressure, the Kelvin temperature, the volume, and the number of moles of the gas.

constant temperature, the pressure is ____ to the volume.

inversely proportional

pressure is also ______ to the amount of gas.

proportional

8.31 J/(mol K)

universal gas constant

𝟏. 𝟑𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟑 Τ 𝐉 𝐊

Boltzmann’s constant

Boyles law

Volume and pressure are proportional

Charles law

Volume is proportional to temperature

Diffusion

molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Fick’s Law

The mass m of solute that diffuses in a time t through a solvent contained in a channel of length L and cross sectional area A