US HISTORY 3

. Explain why Americans became interested in an overseas empire in the late 19th century.(pp. 522-523) [492-493]

No room for growth left in the mainland

Desire to export goods into foreign markets

Trying to keep up with other nations that were also expanding

Desire for strength

Desire to "civilize" the rest of the world

2. Discuss the tenets of Social Darwinism espoused by Josiah Strong.(p. 523) [493]

Civilized countries desire material goods and need the Christian religion

Americans should spread expand trade and religion to "civilize inferior races"

Americans are destined to lead the world

3. Describe the basic goals of 19th century American foreign policy.(p. 523) [493]

Promote trade and avoid controversy with Europe

Attempt to annex the Pacific (for outposts) as well as parts of Canada and/or Mexico

Resist foreign influence in the Americas (Monroe doctrine)

Promote trade and unity within the Americas

Ulysses S. Grant wanted to annex Santo Domingo

4. List the foreign policy goals of William H. Seward.(p. 524) [494]

Create an American empire controlling all of the Americas

Use pacific islands and canals to create trade with Asia

Purchase Alaska in an attempt to annex Canada

5. Explain U.S. foreign policy towards Latin America from 1869 to 1896.(p. 524) [494]

Establish trade relations to export American goods

Desire to annex Hawaii

Make Latin America economically tied to America

Creation of political unity in the Americas and Pan-American organizations

Use of the Monroe Doctrine to reject foreign influence & exert American dominance in the area

6. Discuss the U.S. relationship with Hawaii in the 19th century.(p. 525) [495]

American citizens and Christianity spread through Hawaii

Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 made Hawaii economically dependent on the United States

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 harmed Hawaii's economy and created conflict

After Hawaiian retaliation to tariffs, Hawaiian Americans overthrew the Queen of Hawaii

An attempt was made to annex Hawaii but failed, the Republic of Hawaii was formed

7. Explain why Americans favored the annexation of Hawaii .(p. 526) [496]

Useful way to access Asian markets

Strategic location for war

Fear that foreign countries would annex it first

American responsibility to "civilize and Christianize" Hawaii

8. List the participants in the dispute over Pago Pago in 1889.(p. 526) [496]

The United States

Germany

Great Britain

9. Describe Alfred Thayer Mahan's arguments for a new navy.(p. 527) [496-497]

A navy creates several industries benefiting the economy like merchant ships and coal stations

Supporting a navy requires colonies, which also serve as strategic bases and markets

Colonies also serve as an entry point for Latin American and Asian markets

Having a powerful navy helps the US maintain its strength as a world power

10. List the causes of the Spanish-American War.(pp. 528-529) [498]

"Yellow journalism" (newspaper reporting) did NOT cause the war

In response to a Cuban rebellion, Spain committed atrocities

The McKinley administration denounced Spain and urged for "humane" action

A stolen Spanish letter was published insulting the president and indicating that Spain had not taken negotiations seriously

The sinking of a US battleship, the Maine, was blamed on Spain and created support for war

Spain did not respond to US demands to stop oppressing Cuba

War began after Spain severed diplomatic relations with the US

11. Describe the types of U.S. troops used in the Spanish-American War.(pp. 530-531) [500-501]

A large amount of volunteers in National Guard units boosted military strength

Units were formed grouping together soldiers from the same hometowns

Africna-Americans faced discrimination but were allowed to fight in colored regiments

12. List the major campaigns and ranking officers involved in the Spanish- American War.(pp. 532-533) [502-503]

George Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manilla Bay and allowed for the capture of the Philippines

Spanish admiral Pascual Cervera's fleet was trapped by William T. Sampson's fleet in Santiago

The Rough Riders, led by Teddy Roosevelt, the black regiments, and other troops pushed across Cuba to Santiago

Pascual Cervera's fleet tried to escape but was destroyed, leading to the end of the war

13. Describe the new American empire after the Spanish-American War.(pp. 533-534) [504]

World power

The US was given control over Puerto Rico and Guam

The US eventually annexed the Philippines with the intention of giving them independence

14. Explain the reasons for opposition in the U.S. to overseas empire.(p. 534) [504]

Forceful annexation went against America's republican ideas of freedom and independence

People feared that a cheap labor market in Pacific colonies would undercut wages and hurt labor unions

Some did not want to allow "other races" to become part of America

There was no need to own a colony in order to trade with its people