Male GU

zygote

What is the first entity that develops after a sperm meets and egg?

embryo, fetus, neonate

What are the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th entities that develops after a sperm meets and egg?

gonads (testes)

What is the primary reproductive organ for males?

spermatogenesis, secretion of sex hormones (androgens)

What are the functions of the testes?

gametogenesis

What is the production of gametes?

testosterone, DHT (dihydrotestosterone)

What are the primary male androgens?

estrogen, progesterone

What are the primary female sex hormones?

male

If the Y chromosome is present you get a

female

If the Y chromosome is absent you get a

hypothalamus

With the onset of puberty, what fires a burst of action potentials?

GnRH

What do the neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus secrete with the onset of puberty?

anterior pituitary gland

What does GnRH act on?

LH, FSH

What does the anterior pituitary gland release for puberty?

leydig cells, testosterone

LH acts on the _______ to produce and release __________

sertoli, spematogenesis

FSH acts on the __________ cells to stimulate _____________ and triggers nucleus to synthesize androgen binding protein (ABP)

brain

What is the primary regulator of reproduction?

androgen

group of steroid hormone that cause masculinity

adrenal cortex

Besides the testes androgens are also made by the ________ in males and females

spermatogenesis

creation of sperm

cremaster, dartos

What two muscles does the scrotum use to maintain the perfect temperature?

testosterone

What is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in the male?

tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea

What are the two layers of the balls?

lobules, seminiferous tubules

The testes are divided into 250 ______, loaded with tightly coiled ___________________.

blood testes barrier, nourishment for sperm, respond to testosterone and FSH, secretes inhibin

What are the functions of the sertoli cells?

nutrition for sperm, sperm maturation

What is the function of epididymis?

drains epididymis

Function of the vas deferens

alkaline substance, fructose, prostaglandins to decreases viscosity

What is found in seminal vesicle fluid?

increase motility of sperm, (makes vaginal canal less viscous)

Function of prostatic fluid

corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

erectile layers of the penis

ACTH

What hormones causes the initial signs of puberty

5-alpha reductase (converts testosterone to DHT)

What is responsible for BPH?

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

What is used to treat prostate cancer and male pattern baldness?

increase muscle mass/athletic performance

Exogenous testosterone positive effects

negative feedback on GnRH, LH, FSH (less natty testosterone)

Exogenous testosterone negative effects

decrease spermatogenesis, testicular size

What happens to the body if you decrease endogenous testosterone?

hypogonadism

decrease in testosterone release from the testes

primary, secondary

Types of hypogonadism

primary

Hypogonadism due to testicular failure

secondary

hypogonadism from decrease in LH and FSH (etiology from endocrine process)

Klinelfelter’s syndrome (XXY)

Most common type of primary hypogonadism

Leydig and sertoli cells are not stimulated despite LH and FSH being normal

What happens in klinefleter’s syndrome?

androgen replacement therapy

How do you treat klinelfleter’s syndome?

hyperprolactinemia

What is a type of secondary hypogonadism

extra prolactin (pituitary tumor) so no LH and FSH

What happens in hyperprolactemia?

Surgical removal of pituitary tumor

How do you treat hyperprolactermia?

andropause

What is the general term for when testicular function slows down or fails to respond to gonadotropins due to age?

exogenous testosterone

How can you treat andropause?

decrease libido, decrease sperm motility

What happens when testosterone levels decrease in andropause?