World of Reason and Revolt Exam 1

Which statement best describes Bacon’s idol of the Tribe?

erros that arise from tendencies and limitations common to humans beings as a species

A student favors explanations that fit the theories emphasized by a fav professor and dismisses competing evidence without much consideration. Which idol is illustrated?

Idol of the Cave

Which statement best describes Bacon’s Idol of the Marketplace?

errors arising from language especially vague misleading or poorly defined words used in human interaction

A scholar treats the claims of a prestigious philosophical school as especially true because the school is elegant and established?

Idol of the Theater

Which statement best describes Bacon’s Idol of the Cave?

erros that arise from an individuals particular background, education, habits, temperament, and experiments

After noticing 3 rude tourists from the same country, traveler conclude they are generally rude. The traveler has rushed from a few striking cases to a broad conclusion. Which idol is directly involved?

Idol of the Tribe

Which statement best describes Bacon’s idol of the Theater?

erros caused by inherited philosophical systems, dogmas, theories that are accepted as authoritative representations of reality

Two people argue if a policy is fair, but they haven’t defined fair. Which idol is illustrated?

Idol of the Marketplace

Descartes dissatisfaction with his education leads him to conclude that human reason is unreliable

False

Descartes experience of different customs and opinions helps convince him that beliefs wildly accepted in ones society should not be treated as certain truths

True

Descartes analogy between a old city and a delibrately planned city supports his preference for belief systems that have gradually developed over systems reconstructed according to a unified ration method

False

Descartes 4 rules required him to avoid premature accent, divide difficult problems, proceed in a logical way from simple to complex, and conduct complete reviews

True

The provisional moral code requires Descartes to suspend decisions until his philosophical reconstruction establishes absolutely certain morals

False

Descartes example of a traveler lost in a forest illustrates that when certainly is unavailable following a reasonable course may be preferable to change a direction

True

The cogito establishes immediately not only that Descarte is a thinking being but also that he and the world exist exactly as he perceives them

False

Decarte treats the act of doubting as evidence of the existence of the doubter, since doubting is a sense a form of thinking

True

Decarte argues that because he is imperfect the idea of a perfect being must be fiction he constructed from his imperfections

False

Decarte extends his method into natural philosophy including mechanical explanations of bodily functions rather than simply asking abstract questions about knowledge

True

Decarte regards the ability to perform a specialized task as evidence that a machine possesses the same rational capacity as a human

False

Decarte presents the investigation of nature as practical and collaborative; knowledge contributed to well being while further progress depends on observations and work of multiple investigators

True

What are Aristotle’s core beliefs

• observation matters

• science proceeds from established principles-deduction (going from general theory to predict something than having a experiment)/general to specific) is essential to science

• teleological explanations (in terms of purposes or ends) are important and qualitative

• logic demonstrates knowledge

• experience helps us create principles

What are Bacon’s core beliefs

• observation is foundational

• systematic induction goes general observation to specific principles

• seeks causes through systematic empirical investigation

• rejects scholastic reliance on teleological explanation

• induction helps discover knowledge

• investigators ascend from particular explanations to general axioms

What are the 4 causes

• material- what is is made of

• efficient- what produced it

• formal- what makes it this kind of thing

• final- what is it’s purpose

5 philosophical facts

1. You have a mind and a body

2. Mind and body normally work together

3. Your body is physical and thus public ally observable

4. Your mental life is essentially private

5. You have privileged access to the contents of your own mind