Electrolytes: Sodium, Potassium & Chloride

Electrolytes

Ions capable of carrying an electric charge.

Electroneutrality

Situation wherein there are Equal numbers of cations and anions. (Positive and Negative)

50 ; 5

Sweat is made up of ___ mmol/L of sodium and ___ mmol/L of potassium

Na, K, Cl

Which electrolytes are involved in volume and osmotic regulation

K, Ca, Mg

which electrolytes are involved myocardial rhythm and contractility

Ca, Mg, Zn, Cl, and K

Which electrolytes are important cofactors in enzyme activation

Mg

Which electrolytes are involved in the regulation of adenosine triphosphataase (ATPase) ion pumps

K, Ca, Mg

Which electrolytes are involved in neuromuscular excitability

Mg, PO4

Which electrolytes are involved in production and use of ATP form glucose

HCO, K, Cl, PO4

Which electrolytes are involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance

Mg

Which electrolyte is involved int he replication of DNA and the translation of mRNA

Na, Cl, HCO

Which electrolytes are involved in osmolality and osmotic pressure

Potassium

counter electrolyte of sodium

bicarbonate

during hyperventilation, most used electrolyte is bicarbonate (excretion)

Natrium

Sodium name

Sodium

major extracellular cation

135-145 mmol/L

Serum reference range for sodium

120-130 mmol/L

CSF reference range for sodium

160 mmol/L

Threshold critical value of hypernatremia

120 mmol/L

Threshold critical value of hyponatremia

1.0

conversion factor of Na and K from mEq/L to mmol/L

Aldosteron

it promotes absorption of sodium in the distal tubule

retention ; excretion

Aldosterone causes the ______ of sodium and the _______ of potassium.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

An endogenous antihypertensive agent secreted from the cardiac atria that prevents the blood pressure from increasing.

It blocks aldosterone and renin secretion, and inhibits the action of angiotensin II and vasopressin

what is the action of ANF

1. Intake of water

2. Excretion of water

3. Blood volume status

Three processes of primary importance for regulation of sodium

Arginine Vasopressin Hormone

Hormone for water retention

Aldosterone

"salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure